THE INSECT RECORD FOR I9OI 



35 



be expected, the comparatively few apples set were badly in- 

 jured by the attacks of the Codling Moth and the Plum 

 CuRCULio, while in some parts of the state, notably Cheshire 

 county, the Apple Maggot or Railroad Worm was extra- 

 ordinarily destructive. For the first two of these pests spray- 

 ing every year with arsenate of lead or other arsenical poison 

 is a good remedial measure, but for the third the only method 

 yet devised is that of keeping the fallen apples cleaned up by 

 means of sheep or hogs. And to be efiective this must be 

 practised by a whole community. 



The apple trees also suffered an unusual attack from a pest 

 which I have not before known to be destructive in this state 

 — the Apple Leaf-Hopper. This is a small greenish-white 

 " fly," which ap- 

 peared early in the 

 spring upon the 

 under surface of 

 the leaves, sucking 

 out the sap and 

 causing the upper 

 surface to be spot- 

 ted with white. 

 The drain upon 

 the vitality of the 

 trees must have 

 been quite serious, 

 and is likely to 



show at least in the smaller size of the fruit the coming sea- 

 son. When adult these leaf-hoppers can fly freely. Their 

 appearance in the stage preceding the adult is shown in the 

 two small creatures on the leaf below the caterpillar in Fig. 4. 



In the southern part of the state Cankerworms have con- 

 tinued to do serious injury to many orchards. I noticed in 

 those which came under my observation that as usual the 

 birds were doing what they could to check the outbreak. 

 Robins, bluebirds, cedar-birds and many others fed freely 

 upon the pests. A discussion of remedies for these cater- 

 pillars has been given in Bulletin '$>^ of this Station. 



Fig. 4 Young Apple Leaf-Hoppers on leaf below the 

 Caterpillar. Nearly natural size. 



