SPAIN: WINE, RAISINS, AND OLIVES. 137 



matter more complicated for the stable-man to get an exorbitant 

 judgment for damages. So the matter rests; and so I must retire 

 without knowing how far my pocket will be drained. 



Septemher 28. — At seven wc started again with the same An- 

 dalusian steeds, who were oiled, and the bridles patched up. 

 The owner and I exchanged no words. After riding five miles 

 wc arrived at the residence of General Concha, the military gov- 

 ernor of Granada. On this property there are many olive-trees, 

 also an olive-mill, which is very simple, consisting of a round 

 stone basin with a conic stone in the middle, which is pulled by 

 a horse or mule. The stone crushes the olives; the olives are 

 then put into a screw-press. By this means the oil is extracted 

 and runs into the stone basin, and from there through a trough 

 into a barrel. The Spaniards do not refine their oil like the 

 French or Italians, and it sells for less, though it is really finer. 

 It is used with all the sediment. This makes it disagreeable in 

 cooked dishes. Sixty olive-trees are planted on one fanega of 

 land ; grain or vines are raised between. The olive-trees, being 

 planted near to the sea, do not do so well as in the district of 

 Cordova, where the average production is twenty -five pounds of 

 oil to the tree. Here not more than half as much is yielded. 

 One aroba of oil is sold for fifty-eight to sixty reals — about three 

 dollars. 



On our road we passed a cotton manufactory, where cloth is 

 made by a New Orleans company. We saw an iron or smelting 

 establishment, also owned by foreigners, but of what nation I did 

 not learn. To the right and left of the road there is a great deal 

 of sugar-cane, which is ground by a mill in Malaga. 



After examining the trees and the olive gathering, which is 

 now beginning, we returned to the city, having engaged from a 

 nursery-man in the office and presence of our consul several thou- 

 sand of raisin-vines, olive, pomegranate, pepper, orange, fig, lem- 

 on, and other trees. I visited several prominent merchants, to 

 whom I was introduced by Mr. Hancock. 



As I was leaving my hotel I saw a herd of goats. Their owner 

 was hallooing ^^ Leche! Lecher loud enough to wake the dead. 

 As he was screaming, people ran from the houses with pails. 

 These he took, set down by the goats, and milked the pail full, 

 received his money, and satisfied his customers. This is a certain 

 way of getting unadulterated milk. This was not entirely new 

 to me, as I saw it tried by a Frenchman with cows in San Fran- 



