JOHANN CARL LEUCIIS ON WINE-MAKING. 227 



the jaws, and tTic instrument is then turned round. The pitch 

 now falls directly off. In about half an hour it can clean 100 bot- 

 tles, that would otherwise occupy two or three hours. 



The filled bottles are placed in the cellar either upon sand or 

 laths, one above another, three to five feet high, in a horizontal 

 position, so that the cork shall be always covered by the wine. 



Corks and Corlcing. 



It ought to be a rule always to take only the softest, most equal 

 corks, and those that have the fewest holes. For wines that are 

 to be kept for a long time new corks must be taken. The lower 

 end of the corks, before putting them into the bottles, must be 

 pressed a little. 



Sealing and Capping. 



Sealing is generally preferred for fine wines. The neck of the 

 bottle is for this purpose dipped into the molten sealing-wax or 

 pitch, and then put upright to let this get cold. In France they 

 usually make this wax by melting together two pounds of pitch, 

 one pound of Burgundy pitch, half a pound of yellow bees'-wax, 

 or six ounces of tallow and half a pound of red mastic, which is 

 sufficient for 300 bottles ; or two pounds of white pitch, one pound 

 of rosin, and a quarter of a pound of bees'-wax. 



The putting of lead or tin foil over the corks is not quite as ad- 

 visable a manner as the foregoing. 



XIY. 



WINE MEASURES OF ALL COUNTRIES. 



[The following Wine Measures hai'e been reduced to Parisian cubic inches and decimal 

 parts. — Cub. denotes cubic inches.^ 



Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle) has the Prussian measure. The old 

 wine-can (kanne) = 1066 litre. 



Alessandria (Sardinia). — 1 caro = 10 brente = 360 pinte = 720 

 bocali=1440 quartini=: 28.400 cub. =8795 Bavarian eimer=564 

 litre. 



Alicante. — 1 tonnelade=2 pipes =80 arobas=100 cantaras= 

 54.400 CM&. = 1079 litre =16.8 Bavarian = 15.7 Prussian = 18.6 Vi- 

 enna eimer. The cantara=8 medios = 16 quartillos. 



Altenburg. — 1 eimer =40 cans =80 maas=160 n6ssel= 8419.9 

 cub. = 67 litre = 1057 Bavarian = .987 Prussian = 1169 Vienna 

 eimer. 



Altona. — 1 ahm=4 anker =5 eimer =20 viertel=40 stiibchen 

 =80 kannen = 160 quartier=320 oessel. 



Amsterdam. — French measure: the vat =100 litre. 



