DR. L. GALL ON IMPROVEMENTS IN WINE-MAKING. £65 



on tlic line A, or the must on B. In the introduction of these 

 fluids into the flask, the last drops must be ejected by blowing 

 into the pipette. Then, with the right hand, place the thinner 

 tube of the burette into the phial containing the solution of am- 

 monia, and, applying the orifice of the wider tube to the mouth, 

 fill it by sucking exactly up to the division line of the scale ; 

 then take the flask between the thumb and second finger of the 

 right hand, placing the smaller tube of the burette into the mouth 

 of the flask, which is to be shaken continually ; put the solution 

 of ammonia, drop by drop, into the flask, from the burette, until 

 the red color of the fluid begins to change to blue, or until it has 

 assumed the deep hluisli-red of the onion. This appearance shows 

 that the acids have been satiated. This having been ascertained, 

 hold the burette perpendicularly and see how much ammonia has 

 been consumed, that is, to what division line of the scale the bu- 

 rette has been emptied. The acid contents of the examined must 

 are in relation to the quantity of the proof fluid consumed in this 

 manner, that the larger division lines which have the numbers 1, 

 2, 3, etc., indicate so many thousandth parts, and the smaller lines 

 indicate ten thousandth parts. 



Before getting used to the handling of this instrument, it will 

 be well to make examination of the must by litmus paper. To do 

 this, when the mixture in the bottle begins to turn blue, thrust 

 the end of a small slip of blue litmus paper about half an inch 

 deep into it, and let immediately after the inserted end glide be- 

 tween the thumb wetted with water and the second finger. So 

 long as the acids are not perfectly satiated, the inserted end of the 

 paper will appear more or less reddish; and the satiating point is 

 not attained until the proof-paper remains blue immediately after 

 the cleaning. 



In examining red must, the proceeding is to be modified in 

 the following manner : Instead of litmus tincture, fill the pipette 

 with ivaier up to the line A, and bring this into the flask. After 

 adding the necessary quantity of must, pour dropwise, shaking it 

 from the very outset, four 2}ro milks of solution of ammonia into 

 the mixture, and prove it, as well as after each successive neces- 

 sary addition of ammonia, with litmus paper, until it no longer 

 reddens when cleaned. A few trials will, however, suf&ce to 

 make one quite proficient in the use of the instrument. 



As it has, however, frequently happened that an addition of 

 water has been made ad libitum, it may be well to give yet an- 

 other manner by which one may tolerably well rely on the taste 

 of the tongue. This needs nothing but two glass bottles, each 

 one holding a little more than two and a half quarts, and marked 

 A and B, in order not to confound them. Farthermore, a few 

 tin measures, one of which must hold one quart, the other one 

 half, and the third exactly one twentieth of a quart, each having 

 a handle and a spout ; also two small tin funnels, one for each 



