rri • e /11)20X14.2\ „„„„,,, 



Ihcre IS of siisar ( ) =2/2.04: lbs. 



1000 / 



>Q V ft 



jicids f^^r^l = 1G.32 " 288.9G 



DR. L. GALL ON IMPROVEMENTS IN WINE-MAKING. 281 



one pound to tlircc pounds of sugar) in a kettle, and throwing the 

 sugar in little by little. 



As the mixture of sugar and water may be done ad lihilura be- 

 fore or after the main fermentation, we will, in our calculation, 

 here prefer the first. Suppose we have taken book-notices of the 

 quantity of sugar and acids of the must in all the barrels. By 

 these we see now that, for instance, the barrel A has a cubic space 

 of 1000 litres, and, in order to leave a vacant space of 40 litres for 

 fermentation, we had filled it with 960 litres or 1920 pounds of 

 must, of 14.2 per cent, of sugar, and 8.5 pro millcs of acids : 



The barrel containing in all 1920 lbs. 



(- 



/in20x8.rA 



V 1000 ) 

 Leaving of water and indifFcrent matters 1631.04 " 



"Wishing now to have wines of 5 per cent, acids and 8 per cent, 

 of alcohol (=16 per cent, sugar), and such a wine having in 1000 

 pounds of must 160 pounds of sugar, 5 pounds of acids, 885 

 pounds of water, the questions arise : How many pounds of water 

 do 16.32 pounds of acids require, if 5 pounds of these presume 

 835 pounds of the former? Ansiver: (5 : 835 = 16.32 : a;) = 2.725.4 

 pounds of water ; and. How many pounds of sugar to the like 

 quantity of acids, 5 pounds of acids requiring 160 pounds of sugar? 

 Ansioer: (5 : 160 = 16.32 : a:)=522.25 pounds oi sugar. 



The acids of the must in the barrel A 



therefore require 2725.40 lbs. oiicater, 522.25 lbs. of sugar. 



The must already contains 1G31.04 " " 272.G4 " " 



There is therefore to be added 1094.36 " " 249.61 " " 



In case lump sugar is used, which contains only 80 pounds of 

 dry sugar in 100, and 20 pounds of water, we have farther to as- 

 certain. How many pounds of it are necessary to compensate for 

 249.61 pounds? Ansicer : (80 : 100 = 249.61 : a:) = 312 pounds. 

 Against the calculated 249.61 pounds of dry sugar w^e want there- 

 fore of lump sugar 61.39 pounds more. As 312 pounds of this 

 contain, however, the same quantity of water too much as too lit- 

 tle of sugar, it becomes necessary to add so much less water, viz., 

 61.39 pounds. We have therefore virtually to add 1032 pounds 

 of water and 312 pounds of sugar. The result will be : 



The barrel A containing already of must 1920 lbs. 



Water to be added 1032 lbs. 



Sugar 312 " 1344 " 



This will give of improved must 3264 " 



By measure, therefore, we shall have : 



Must already in the barrel 960 litres. 



Water to be added, 1032 lbs. (2 lbs. = l litre), 516 litres. 



Sugar " " 312 " (3 lbs. = 1 litre), 104 " 620 " 



Requiring a cubic space of 1580 " 



