502 



GRAPE CULTURE AND WINE-M2VIUNG. 



2. Through Buds. — This metbocl of propagation is excellent for 

 choice vines which are required in quantity, Sound and strong 

 buds are cut from vines early in spring, before the sap is in the 

 wood. These buds contain about half an inch of wood on each 

 side. The separate buds may be planted so, yet it is better to 

 split the vine without injuring the bud ; through this the roots 

 are enabled to start more easily. These buds must be planted on 

 carefully-prepared soil, or better in hot-beds, so that the bud is 

 covered with half an inch of pulverized soil. It may be well 

 to put a little straw, moss, or fine leaves over the soil. It must 



not be neglected to keep the soil moder- 

 ately moist. The buds will start soon, and 

 where otherwise leaves would start, roots 

 V\ /iFx'^^ will make their appearance, i^/^. 2 repre- 



sents such a bud. After a few months the 

 buds will have started on two feet if treat- 

 ed with care. Such vines may grow in 

 the first year from four to five feet shoots, 

 and produce bearing wood. 



3, Through Cuttings. — This mode consists in planting slips of 

 vines. Well-matured vines with many buds are always the best, 

 represented by Fig. 3. It 



is best to take only the ^ —- <^^^~=-:r::— .^^^ 



lower part of a vine, and, 



if possi- 



Fig.4. 



ble, with some of the last year's wood; then 

 from this wood the strongest and the best roots 

 will start. When the cuttings have been made, 

 they may be put in bundles of twenty to thir- 

 ty, and covered from two to three inches un- 

 der ground. If the cuttings arc made in the 

 spring, it is best to place them in water from 

 six to eight inches deep, and plant them when 

 the buds have started about half an inch. If 

 the cuttings are planted to produce rooted vines 

 [Fig. 4), it is best to plant them on tolerably 

 moist and rich land ; and if the season is very 

 flry, it is advisable to irrigate them. The finer 

 roots of the year-old vines are more apt to grow 

 successfully than older and stout roots of two 

 years old. 



4, Through Side-shoots <^ Layers. — For this 

 method a well-matured branch of a healthy and 

 stout vine is taken, placed in the ground so that 

 it will be from eight to twelve inches deep, and 

 have two to four buds above the ground. The 

 bend must Idc made gradually and carefully, so 

 that the vine is not injured. The rooting of the 



