304 



GRAPE CULTURE AND WINE-MAKING. 



Fig. T (-7). 



inches below the surflice. The remaining trunk is split with a 

 sharp knife from one to one and a half inches deep. To prevent 

 the stem from splitting altogether, it is well to tie something tight 

 above the roots {Fig. 7, a). If the vine is 

 stout, two grafts may be taken ; if not, one 

 will answer. This graft {Fig. 7, h) must have 

 two healthy buds above the split, and the 

 lower bud must touch, or must be upon the 

 trunk of the grafted vine {Fig. 8). If many 

 vines are to be grafted, the following plan 

 may be adopted : One person will lay the 

 vine bare to a depth of six to eight inches, 

 and clear off all fine roots to a depth of five 

 inches; a second person will saw the vine 

 off at a depth of four to six inches, and make 

 the split in the trunk ; a third person will place the graft and fill 

 the hole, so that one bud is even with the surface, or barely cover- 

 ed with the soil. By working in such manner, several hundred 

 old vines may be grafted during a day's work. 



Another method is represented by Fig. 9, a, h. 

 A cutting destined for the graft is taken — one 

 with four buds ; one part, between the two buds 

 or middle, is trimmed on both sides, to present the 

 appearance of a wedge. The trunk of the vine is 

 cut off horizontally, then split in the centre, and 

 on each side of this trunk a graft is placed in the 

 split, so that two buds are above the trunk and 

 two are below. Vines grafted in this manner suc- 

 ceed well. 



The lower part of this graft will invariably start 

 roots, which will favor its success. This plan 

 may be carried out on any part of the vine above the ground, if 

 the lower part of the graft is placed in a bottle filled with water. 

 If it is required to graft above the ground, the following plan may 

 be adopted : Ripe year-old wood is trimmed down and split be- 

 tween two joints. The graft is taken of wood of the same thick- 

 ness, its end cut nicely in the shape of a wedge, and placed in the 

 split in such a manner that the bark of both will be filled exactly, 

 which is then bound to keep it in place. 



II. 

 THE VINEYARD. 



In laying out a vineyard particularly to be regarded are, 

 1. The Location. — In general, an exposure toward the south, 

 sheltered from cold winds, and having a pure air, is the best place 



