310 



GRAPE CULTURE AND WINE-MAKING. 



one half to one foot long, on wliich young slioots have been pruned 

 down to two buds. The young shoots grown during the summer 

 are tied with their ends on the prop. Before tying them per- 

 manently they are bent down, to prevent them from being in a 

 close cluster, and to give free access to the air. 



Fie;. 1-2. 



4. Another method of training vines is to grow three branches 

 on the trunk of the vine, and to allow the same to lean over bars 

 supported by posts {Figs. 12, 13). The bar is about two and a half 

 Fig. 13. feet from the ground. All the 



side shoots of the branches 

 growing upward are carefully 

 pruned off. The incline of the 

 branches lying over the bar is 

 toward the south. The grapes 

 and the growth of wood will 

 lean to the ground, showing 

 that the grapes derive benefit from the heat of the soil. The dis- 

 tance of the rows is six feet, and the distance of the vines four 

 feet. The young will grow during the summer upward, but grad- 

 ually, through their own weight, lean down. By adopting this 

 plan a great quantity of props may be saved. 



Training the Vines on a Trellis. 



According to the distance from the ground, this method is di- 

 vided into the low training and the high training on a trellis. 



p. j4^ The plan of hw training 



{Fig. 14) is very judicious for 

 varieties which require short 

 pruning and the low system of 

 training. This mode requires 

 but little wood ; it is a sup- 

 porter to all the young shoots, 

 and affords to the vines all the advantages of light, sun, and air. 

 It is exceedingly well adapted for hills with dry soil. The height 

 of the frame is between one and two feet. 



The high mode of training differs from the other only in this, 

 that the frame is from two to three feet high. This mode is the 



