316 GKAPE CULTURE AND WINE-MAKING. 



V. 



DISEASES OF THE GRAPE-VINE. 



1. The Jaundice. — This disease may be recognized by tlie leaves 

 turning yellow on the short shoots, and loose grape bunches with 

 small undeveloped berries. It is caused by an unfavorable wet 

 season, very deep or low location, often through a general weak 

 vegetation of the vines, through age or insufficient nourishment 

 in the soil ; and it will affect vines which are not suited for the 

 soil. If insufficient nourishment is contained in the soil, it should 

 be helped by applying suitable manure. In moist soils drains 

 should be constructed. If acids in the soil cause this disease, the 

 mixing of ashes with manure will be of service. 



2. Consumplion^ or Wmd'ng Aicay. — This disease is the cause 

 of a continual state of jaundice. The only remedy is to apply 

 suitable manure, a good cultivation of the soil, draining of the 

 land, and separating the injurious substances of the soil, as, for in- 

 stance, saltpetre. Decomposed manure should be used. 



3. Mildero ; BUrjht. — When rainy weather alternates with very 

 hot, vines are apt to be affected by this sickness. It commences 

 around the rim of the leaves, and increases canker-like, until the 

 leaves, the stems, and the ends of the young shoots are affected 

 by it. This disease will often stop of itself; otherwise there is 

 no cure for it. To trim off the ends of the shoots, and cover the 

 ground with hay or leaves, is said to prevent this malady. 



4. The Black Mortification. — The black Clavner is principally 

 affected by this disease. It may be distinguished by black spots 

 on the under side of the leaves, which increase in number until 

 the leaf is covered by them. The leaves will gradually die and 

 fall off", through which the development of the grapes is retarded, 

 especially if the vines are attacked by this sickness early. In 

 valleys in which the heat is doubled through the reflection of the 

 rays of the sun, and exposed to cool nights and moist fogs, this 

 sickness is often cj^uite a plague. Against this evil there is no 

 remedy. It may be retarded by planting hardy varieties in such 

 places, the summer pruning of shoots with fruit, and by checking 

 the too rapid vegetation, and by planting the vines far apart, to 

 allow the soil the greatest influence of the sun. 



5. The Dropsy. — The grape-vine affected thus will produce much 

 wood and leaves, but only sparely grapes, which will not attain 

 ripeness. It is caused by the roots penetrating deep into moist 

 and cold soil. It will be checked if the land is drained, some of 

 the larger roots cut off", and around the roots a quantity of sand 

 and gravel is placed. 



6. Tlie Cancer. — This will happen chiefly to three and four year 

 old vines on rich and heavy soil, during a rapid change of cold 



