338 GRAPE CULTURE AND WINE-MAKING. 



ing r before «, and, -without stopping, there is sufficient time to let 

 the gas compressed in m m' u enter the flexible pipe r r'". 



The equilibrium of the pressure can thus be brought about in 

 the bottle and in the ball; one moment only is necessary for 

 it. As soon as the bottle is brought in a vertical position, the 

 wine enters at once the ball, without the slightest degree of spark- 

 ling. 



When the bottle is emptied, the frame must be moved back and 

 kept a little while at the angle of 48°, in which position there 

 is a connection between the opening r and the arm y o of the 

 branch groove y o, o' y'. 



The object of this proceeding is so plain as not to need any ex- 

 planation. The pipe ?/ o, o' y connects with y' tY, a second pipe 

 on the gasometer G {Fig. 45). The gas compressed in the bottle 

 enters the branch pipe as soon as r is over y. All gas exceeding 

 the pressure of one atmosphere enters the gasometer; the remain- 

 ing gas fills the bottle completely, and can not expand in the mo- 

 ment when it is taken from the frame. A slight motion puts the 

 frame back into position B. 



When the bottle has got its dose of liquor it is brought under 

 the cock A' {Fig. 45), where it is held, as shown in the illustra- 

 tion. It is now wrapped up with wire-cloth. The cock v is all 

 the time open. The person that attends to the filling opens the 

 cock A", by which the gas enters from the ball, and establishes the 

 same pressure of gas in the bottle and in the ball. Then he opens 

 the cock R', and the wine at once flows smoothly into the bottle, 

 settling above the liquor without any disturbance. As soon as 

 the bottle is filled the cock R' is closed and the treadle released, 

 the corking quickly done with a temporary cork, and the bottle 

 put up for market. 



The construction of the cork A' deserves an explanation for 

 itself: d {Fig. 50) represents the extremity of the pipe t' W of 

 Fig. 45 ; the gas from the ball flows through this channel into the 

 bottle, and enters it at t. The cock R' must be as close as possi- 

 ble to the extremity P, whence the wine flows into the bottle. 

 This is indispensable, and it is for this reason that the cock has 

 the complicated shape shown in Fig. 50. 



The wine flows out of the ball through the pipe v R' {Fig. 45). 

 The extremity of this pipe at R' is marked by the letter a, Fig. 50. 

 The hollow vice into which the bottle is put in order to press 

 against the circular piece of India-rubber is furnished with wings 

 {Fig. 51). 



When the vice has' been tightly pressed around the India-rub- 

 ber, it becomes necessary to guard against its getting loose. The 

 envelope of wire-cloth is suspended to the vice, and it is continu- 

 ously moved, first to turn it backward when the bottle is put in, 

 then forward when the gas enters the bottle, in order to jorotect 

 the hands of the workman in case of bursting. To prevent the 



