GARDENING. 91 



as require peat-earth, sand, clay, or iime. In the shrub- 

 bery, a similar renewal of soil, and attention to the soils 

 required by particular shrub-plants, is also necessary, 

 at least in front, where the more delicate shrubs natu- 

 rally rank, and where the herbaceous plants are chiefly 

 arranged. 



With respect to the tiracs of plantings or sowing, and 

 manner of cropping the flower-garden and shrubbery, 

 the greater part of the surface being covered with 

 shrubs or plants of perennial duration, very little crop- 

 ping is required, and as a substitute for a rotation, 

 recourse must be had to the renewal of the soil as re- 

 commended above. Annuals are sown at various 

 periods from April to June; but for the principal show, 

 generally in May: the half-hardy sorts are raised in 

 hot beds in the reserve department, and transplanted 

 where they are to flower in May or June, and later 

 sowings and transplantings are made to procure a pro- 

 tracted display. Biennials and perennials of the fibrous 

 or ramose rooted kinds are transplanted from the 

 reserve department in October or April; and such bul- 

 bous roots as are annually taken up, are generally re- 

 planted in November or April. When bulbs and other 

 florists' flowers are cultivated in beds, a rotation may be 

 adopted as far as respects them: thus the hyacinth, 

 tulip, &:c. may be succeeded by annuals, and those by 

 the dianthus tribe, or dahlias, &C.5 but in borders and 

 compartments planted in the mingled manner, as well 

 as in shrubberies, a rotation is out of the question. 

 Particular care is requisite to remove weak, ill-condi- 

 tioned, or ill-flowering plants, and to replace them by 

 others of the same height and color. This may be done 

 at all seasons of the year by the use of the transplanter; 

 but the better mode is to have always an ample stock 

 in the reserve-garden, of all the colors and heights, both 

 of herbaceous plants and low shrubs, in pots, and when- 

 ever, when any plant is in flower, a defect appears, it 

 can be remedied at once by turning the plant out of 

 the pot into its situation in the border. 



Herbaceous plants require little pruning, but never- 

 theless something in this wa}' may be occasionally 



