GARDENING. 97 



modes of planting a flower-garden, are alike applicable 

 to every form or style of laying out the garden or par- 

 terre, and that they do not interfere with any mode of 

 enclosing or surrounding it, or of edging the walks. 



Time of planting herbaceous plants. This is, in gene- 

 ral, autumn and spring; but any perennial plant may be 

 safely removed after it has done flowering or produced 

 seed. With respect to biennials and annuals, they may 

 be planted at almost any season before they have begun 

 to throw up flower-stems. Biennials, however, are ge- 

 nerally sown early in autumn in the flower-garden nur- 

 sery, and transplanted either late in the same season or 

 early in the following spring, to where they are to 

 flower. Some annuals, such as larkspurs, euphorbia, 

 mignonette, and other hardy kinds, flower best when 

 sown in the fall. 



TO CULTIVATE HA.WTHORN HEDGES, OR LIVE FENCES. 



Nothing can be more beautiful for a garden than a 

 hawthorn hedge, well kept. Live fences have already 

 become objects of serious importance. 



The months of October, November, and December, 

 will be the most eligible periods, in the southern states, 

 for making this kind of fence; particularly as their 

 frosts can do no injury to the ditch, and the roots will 

 have an early establishment, and consequently be better 

 prepared to encounter the summer heats. In the mid- 

 dle and eastern states, it is preferable doing this 

 business in March, or early in April; as the ditch, in 

 that case, would have one year's advantage of the frost, 

 which in some kinds of soil would have a considerable 

 effect, particularly in the first year, by swelling the earth 

 in the face of the ditch, causing it to moulder down, 

 and thereby expose the roots to the quicks ; but this can 

 be obviated by leaving a scarcement in tlie front, as 

 hereafter directed. 



Strong year-old quicks will answer very well for lay- 

 ing in the face of a ditch; but such as have had the 

 advantage of two years' growth in nursery rows, after 

 being transplanted when one year old from the seed 



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