Fractures of the Femur. 127 



amount of dense new bone has been thrown out round the seat 

 of fracture. On the surface of the callus there are numerous 

 apertures for the entrance of blood-vessels. 



B. C. I. 1. M. 33. e. 



3. 229. Badly united Fracture about the Middle of the 



Shaft. — Left femur — macerated, showing the above. 



The upper fragment has been tilted'forwards and inwards ; 

 the lower end is rotated slightly outwards. The broken 

 ends over-ride, and are separated by a considerable interval 

 which is filled up by dense new bone formation. The broken 

 ends of the bone must at one time have exposed the medullary 

 cavity, but this is now covered in by new bone. 



Figured in Bell's "Observ. on Injuries of Spine and Thigh Bone," 

 plate vi. fig. 3. 



B. C. I. 1. M. 26. 



3. 230. Double Fracture of the Shaft united in Bad Posi- 

 tion. — Shaft and upper end of the left femur of an adult — 

 macerated, to show the above. 



This was the thigh-bone of a madman, who threw himself out of 

 the window, and kicked and struggled so that they could by no means 

 secure the position of the limb. The thigh-bone iu its natural state was 

 18 inches in length ; it is now only 13 inches. It lost 5 inches in 

 length, yet to that diminution had the muscles adapted themselves. 



There has been over-riding at both fractiires, and great 

 distortion at the upper one. The medullary cavity has been 

 partially covered in, and the uniting bone at both fractures is 



stiU cancellous. 



Figured in Bell's "Observ. on Injuries of Spine and Thigh Bone," 



plate vi. fig. 6. 



B. C. I. 1. M. 23. 



3. 231. Unitec^ Fracture about the Middle of the Shaft. 



