210 Diseases of Bone. 



spongy in character, and seems to occupy chiefly the middle and 

 outer tables. 



Upper Limbs.— The clavicles are thin, and their curves are 

 somewhat exaggerated. Scapulae. — The left scapula is small and 

 thin, but otherwise normal in shape. The right is bent, so as 

 to be concave forwards, but is otherwise unchanged. Owing 

 to spinal curvature, it is placed higher than the left one. 

 Humeri. — The humeri are each 8| inches in length, and have 

 an outward bend at the deltoid attachment, where also a special 

 ridge is developed. The outer lip of the bicepital groove is 

 very prominent. The heads of the bones are flattened from 

 above downwards. The condyles at the elbow are unusually 

 prominent. Forearms. — The bones of the forearms are thin and 

 somewhat irregular in shape, with prominent ridges and enlarge- 

 ment of the lower ends of radii. The bones of the hands show 

 no particular change. Spinal Column. — The spinal column 

 presents an exaggerated degree of lateral curvature, convex to 

 the right in the dorsal region, and to the left in the lumbar, 

 with the usual rotation of the bodies of the vertebrae towards 

 the convexity. Thorax. — The thorax presents the usual 

 characters following ujDon lateral curvature, viz. on the right 

 or convex side the angles of the ribs are exaggerated behind, 

 and the ribs themselves seem unusually broad, while the curve 

 is somewhat flattened in front ; on the left or concave side the 

 ribs are compressed together and narrowed at the concavity, 

 their angles being flattened at the back and their curvature 

 increased in front. Sternum. — The body of the sternum is 

 oblique to the manubrium sterni. Pelvis. — The pelvis is altered 

 partly by rickets and partly by lateral curvature. The bones 

 are thin and light. The alse of the ilium are ill developed and 

 bent forward, somewhat like the osteo-malacian pelvis. The brim 

 of the pelvis is contracted chiefly on the left side, where the 

 acetabulum has been crushed up towards the sacrum. 



Lower Limbs. — Femora. — The femora are very short, 

 measuring from the top of the great trochanters to their lower 

 end only about 9 inches. They are curved forwards and 



