514 Diseases of Joints. 



The spine, as a whole, is bent forward. The head has 

 probably been thrust to the left. There is a marked curve to 

 the right extending over the cervical and dorsal regions, with its 

 maximum convexity at the sixth dorsal vertebra. Slight com- 

 pensating curves to the left are present in the cervical and lower 

 dorsal regions respectively. The vertebrse in the main curve 

 are rotated towards the convexity as usual. The angles of the 

 ribs on the right side are consequently projected backwards, and 

 those on the concave or left side are flattened ; but the upper- 

 most and lowermost ribs on each side are altered in the reverse 

 way to those about the middle of their own side in accord- 

 ance with the compensating curves. The ribs on the concave 

 or left side are compressed, especially about the middle, while 

 those on the right side, although closely approximated at 

 their angles, are elsewhere widely separated. W. C. G. 13. 



Figured by Shaw "on Distortion," plate 3, figs. 2 and 3. 



7. 217. Advanced Lateral Curvature.— Spinal column, with 



the pelvis, portions of ribs, and part of skull attached — partly 

 macerated, illustrating the above. 



The specimen shows in a marked degree alternating lateral 

 curves, with loss of the usual antero-posterior curves. There is 

 a strong curve to the left in the lumbar region, another to the 

 right in the mid-dorsal, and a third slight one to the left in the 

 upper dorsal region. There is the usual rotation of the bodies of 

 the vertebrse towards the convexity, with corresponding alterations 

 in the ribs, i.e. a projection backwards of the angles on the right 

 side in the mid-dorsal region, and to the left side in the upper 

 dorsal region, with flattening of the angles of the opposite ribs 

 in each case. Owing to the obliquity of the bodies of the 

 vertebrse, the projecting angle of the fifth rib on the right side 

 is opposite the slightly projecting angle of the fourth rib on the 

 left side, but examination will shoAV the real relation of the ribs. 

 As is usual in sucli cases, the articular and transverse processes, as 

 well as the heads of the ribs, are compressed in the concavity 

 of the curve, and the articular processe.= and laminae in many 



