TILLASET. 4^ 



siidered the most effectual method to destroy worms. — 

 The last of summer, or the beginning of autumn, is the- 

 right season for ploughing new ground- For it will bo 

 best to harrow, and cross plough it, before it is seeded, 

 that the soil may be thoroughly mixed and pulverized. 

 Therefore the tirst ploughing should be performed so 

 long before hand, that before the second, the turf may 

 ferment and become partly rotten. But this is not to 

 be expected, if the ground be ploughed late in the fall ; 

 because the sun, at that late season, will not warm the 

 ground enough to bring on any fermentation before the 

 following spring, when the ground is to be sowed. For 

 fall sowing, the ground should be broken up in the 

 spring or early in the summer. 



Soils of so retentive a nature, as to hold more wrter^ 

 than is useful in vegetation, should be ploughed in a 

 medium state, vvhen neither too wet nor too dry. When 

 very dry it is difficult to plough them, being so hard and 

 tenacious, and if very wet, the ground is injured by ths 

 feet of the cattle. Green sward however, can be plough- 

 ed when pretty wet, if not mir}' ; because the labour ii 

 more easy for man and beast. But it v.ill not rot so well 

 as when dr3\ The proper time for ploughing orjharrow- 

 ing in general, is when the soil upon stirring crumbles 

 into small parts. 



Spring ploughing will answer very well for a sandy 

 soil, as such ground does not require the aid of frost. — 

 Ploughing in such soils should be carried on in damp 

 weather, particularly the last ploughing and the sowin:^ 

 of the seed. It is likewise recommended to plough such 

 lands as much as possible, when the dew is on. 



Depth of Ploughing necessary. — The depth to plough,, 

 must generally be regulated by the depth of the soil ; 

 and the sort of crops to be grown ; tap rooted requiring 

 deeper tillage than others. If the vegitable soil be deep, 

 deep ploughing will be proper; especially where the 

 upper stratum has become exhausted by severe croping 

 and that below is a strong earth, which can readily be 

 fertilized by the frost and sun. But if the vegitable 

 mould be shallow, deep ploughing, will bring up part 

 of the subsoil, which will not be fertile, until some time 

 exposed to the atmosphere. If the earth below is natu- 

 rally very poor, requiring a long time to be made for- 



