TILL AGS. 61 



•of the cattle will do as much injury in treading do^.vn 

 the ground, as the harrow will do good. 



New land should he har i-owed as soon as possible af- 

 ter burning- to mix the ashes effectually with the scil 

 before it is blown away. A strong and heavy hr.rrow 

 should be passed several times in the same place to 

 to raise a .sufficient quiinli'y of mould. 



On newly ploughed sward a heavy harrow should pass 

 the same way the plough did. Where seed is sown on 

 ridges, the harrow ought also to be run lengthways. — 

 Or it may be in such a case to plough in the seed. 



When there are many ridges left after ploughing, it 

 ought to be harrowed before the seeds are sown ; oth- 

 ervvise they will be buried at unequal depths and will 

 come up in rows ; some will remain uncovered, but 

 most of them w-ill be thrown into the bottoms of the fur- 

 rows. This will often be so deep as to injure the crop ; 

 and in flax and hemp, often double the labour and ex- 

 pense in pulling. The growth of grass seeds will fre- 

 quently be destroyed by being covered too deep. — 

 Where lands are light, once over will answer ; but 

 when they are stiff, twice may be necessaTj'. It is al- 

 ways necessary to harrow sufficiently to break the fur- 

 row, and level the surface, otherwise the operation is 

 iiViperfectly performed. 



It would be a good plan, for farmers to employ two 

 harrows in succession ; one of heavy frame, with few 

 and long teeth ; the other of lighter frame, with more 

 and shorter teeth. The common harrow often covers 

 the seed too much ; small seed will not vegetate. welj 

 at a depth greater than two or three inches. 



ROLLIXG. 



This operation is of nearly as much importance as 

 harrowing, in reducing and pulverizing strong, heavy, 

 and adhesive lands ; while by rendering loose soils more 

 compact, the earth adheres more closely to the roots of 

 the plants, and thus promotes their growth. 



The rolling of land in tillage should be done only in 

 dry weather ; never when the soil is so wet as to stick 

 to the roller. But always as soon as possible after the 

 seed is sown. No soil will admit of roiling, that is very 

 ^uneven, or much rocky or stony. But small stones need 



