FALLOWINO. 87 



Turn the stubble under ; and in the fall throw up the 

 ground into high narrow ridges. In the spring, cleave 

 these down and prepare the ground for barley, after ma- 

 nuring with suitable compost. Plough up immediaiely 

 after harvest ; put it in wheat in the fall ; and in the 

 spring harrow in clover and timothy-seed. When the 

 grass begins to fail, begm the rotation, as before. When 

 too wet for wheat, they admit of but Uttle change ; and 

 should be kept mostly in timothy or other grass suitable 

 to the soil. The changes may be oats, and then sum- 

 mer wheat, or perhaps barley, as before mentioned. 



It has been said, that the foundaliou of all good agri- 

 culture was the raising roots, as winter food {or cattle. 

 What other cultivation can enable a farmer to rai?e on 

 aspeciiied quantity of ground, so great a quantity of ex- 

 ceilent food? On lands iike ours, of medium character, 

 in point of f?rii!ity, mnnures in abundance are indispensa- 

 ble. These cani^ot be c uained in sufficient qjaniities, 

 esj ecially in interior- situations, but by cattle. A rich 

 a^^L'icuitural couniry must be in general a c.-jitle-raiiing 

 country. New-England cannot become a great caitle 

 rai^riiog country, unless it mike provision for their sup- 

 port during our long cold winters, by raising roots upon 

 ah extensive scale. Instead of the farmer's unaerstock- 

 ing his pasture ground, as is the case in most parts of 

 the country, through fear of not boing able to maintain 

 his summer stock on his winter food, this system ena- 

 bles him to stock liis pasturps up to their full power. 

 We therefore recommend, that in addition to the intro- 

 duction of ruta-baga, mangei-wurtzel, cabbages, and 

 common turnij)s into the regular rotations, that the far- 

 mer appropriate every year more or less land of a suit- 

 able quality to carrots and parsnips, which requiring un- 

 common preparation, are not so suitable to enter the list 

 of a general rotation of crops. 



Mr. Nicholson's calculation of the value of crops, and 

 the expense of raising each, may be some guide in mak- 

 ing selections for rotations. He supposes the average 

 crops of wheat, barley, and Indian corn, at the greatest 

 extent, may be ^50 per acre when the grain is ready for 

 market; crops of rye, oats, and peas, not more than 

 two thirds of this amount; buckwheat, still loss. From 

 five to six hundred bushels of ruta-baga, or mangel- 



