NEAT CATTLE. 161 



uses intended, and the rest fatted and killed. Those in- 

 tended to be killed should be taken from the cow the 

 next day after they are calved ; and let them have only 

 two teats of the cow to suck the first week, three du- 

 ring the second, and all during the third and fourth ; 

 in this way they will be fatter in the end, than if they 

 had all at first. Feeding calves three times a day is 

 considered much better than onl} twice; but, whether 

 fed twice or thrice a day, the times of feeding should 

 be regular, and as nearly equi-distant as possible. It is 

 generally recommended to place a lump of chalk conve- 

 nient for the calf to lick at. Fresh litter should be con- 

 stantly provided for them to lie on, and particular at- 

 tention paid to their cleanliness. The calves intended 

 to be reared may go with the cows the first three or 

 four days. They should have milk, more or less, for 

 about tw^elve weeks. They may be fed with skimmed 

 miik, or water porridge, after the first fortnight ; or their 

 milk may be mixed with meal and water. After a calf 

 has sucked, or drunk milk, for a month, take some of 

 the freshest and sweetest hay, and puj; little wisps of it 

 into cleft sticks, and he will soon learn to eat. If skim 

 miik is given to calves, it should be boiled, and then 

 cooled to the temperature of that from the cow. It is 

 better boiled than when warmed only. If given too cold 

 it will cause the ealf to purge. If this is the case, put 

 two or three spoonfuls of runnit in the milk, and it will 

 stop the looseness. If the calf is bound, pork broth is 

 said to be a good thing to put into the milk. Mr. Budd, 

 of Mass. directs to feed ihe calves when three days old 

 with gruel, composed of one third barley and two thirds 

 oats, each ground fine, and the mixture sifted. A quart 

 of this gruel is to be given to each calf, morning and 

 evening. The gruel is made by taking one quart of the 

 flour, and twelve of water, and boiling them together 

 for half an hour, and is to be given while milk-warm. 

 If calves are put into pasture, it should be such as is 

 dry and sweet. White and red clover is best. There 

 should be no water in the pasture but sufficient shade. 

 When the dews fail, a little nourishing drink should be 

 given th'^m in the middle of the day, if the weather is 

 warm. During the first winter they should be kept in 

 a comfortable place, and have plenty of good fodder and 

 15 



