APPLE TRBE. 191 



three buds to eacli. A good substitute for the above 

 application is a composition of equal pa:t3 of tallow, 

 bees-wax and rosin, softened by heat, and spread on 

 strips of linen or paper, six inches long, and about two 

 inches wide ; one of these strips must be wrapped round 

 each stock, so as completely to cover the fissure at the 

 sides and in the end. Instead of taking the young trees 

 up to engraft them, it is recommended by many to re- 

 move the earth about an inch from the stocks, which 

 can then be sawed off, so as to leave the top of the 

 stump rather below the level of the ground — ingraft 

 them, and then draw up the earth so as to cover the 

 tops of the stocks one or two inches ; leaving one or 

 two buds of each scion exposed — no comp sition is ne- 

 cessary in this operation, the covering of earth suffi- 

 ciently protects the scions from the air and sun. But 

 as it is necessary that the trees should stand at a greater 

 distance from each other after being engrafted, and as 

 it is considered advantageous to remove young trees in 

 the nursery, previous to their f-nal removal to the or- 

 chard, that the tap root and latteral roots, may be 

 shortened, so as to induce them to form a regular glo- 

 bular root, sufhcientlj'^ small to be removed with their 

 plants; we believe it will be best to take up the young 

 trees, engraft them, cut off the extremities of the longer 

 roots, and all the small fibrous roots, if out of the ground 

 any length of time, set them out at proper distances in 

 the rows, and draw the earth around the grafts as be- 

 fore mentioned. 



Young trees properly pruned in the nursery, will, it 

 u said, come to bearing sooner, and continue in vigour 

 for nearly double the common time. All superfluous or 

 rambling branches should be taken off annually, and on- 

 ly three or tour leading shoots be left to every head. 



That new varieties of valuable fruit may be obtained, 

 it is best to reserve some of the most promising trees 

 in the nursery, which can sometimes be determined by 

 the large, thick and woolly appearance of their leaves ; 

 these should be transplanted into the orchard in their 

 natural state, and if they prove poor can be immediate- . 

 ly engrafted. When trees of six or eight years old are 

 giafted, thels'gowth will not be retarded more than two 

 or three years, frequently not one. When a tree of 



