253 



spines about equal to postorbital part of head, lower than second 

 dorsal, which is concave, as also anal. Both are opposite to each 

 other or nearly so and opposite to 231^ or 24 th lateral scale. 

 Both are scaly as also caudal, which is deeply emarginate. 

 Pectorals slightly shorter than head, reaching to origin of first 

 dorsal, with an axillary scale about ] / 3 or more of the length 

 of the pectoral. Axillary scale of ventrals about equal to half 

 the length of that fin. Least height of caudal peduncle i.i 1.4 

 in its length and more or less than twice in length of head. 

 Teeth are wanting. Greenish or bluish above, silvery below, 

 pectorals yellowish with a black spot in the axil. Length 

 reaching to 465 mm. [Specimens of M axillaris C.V., cylin- 

 dricus C.V., borbonicus Blkr. from BLEEKER's collection in the 

 Museum of Leiden and Amsterdam seen by usj. 



N o m. i n d i g. : Gadeh, Ikan Belanak (Batavia) ; Gorua (Batjan). 



Habitat: Singapore; Sumatra (Benkulen); Nias!; Banka; 

 Java Sea ! ; Java (Batavia !, Samarang, Surabaya, Karangbollong) ; 

 Nusa Kembangan ! ; Madura; Bali; Sumba !; Kangeang Island !; 

 Saleyer ! ; Celebes (Menado, Makassar !) ; Halmaheira ! ; Ternate ; 

 Batjan ; Buru ; Ambon ! ; Timor ! ; Aru ! ; Waigeu ; Saonek ! ; New 

 Guinea. From Red Sea, East coast of Africa, Madagascar, 

 Mauritius, Seychelles, Bourbon through seas of India, China 

 (Amoy, Shanghai, [BLEEKER] ), Marianas, Fidji- ?, Samoa Islands?. 



In fresh and brackish water. 



17. Mugil cephalus L. 



Mugil cephalus Linne, Syst. nat. edit. X0. 1758, p. 316. 



Miigil our Forskal, Descr. anim. 1775, p. 74. 



Mugil cephalus Hamilton Buchanan, Gangetic Fish. 1822, p. 119. 



Mugil cephalotus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. nat. d. Poissons XT. 1836, p. HO. 



Mrtgil our Riippell, Neue Wirbelthiere, 1835 1840, p. 131. 



Mugil cephalotus Eydoux & Souleyet, Voy. de "la Bonite", 1841, p. 175. 



Mugil japonicus Temminck & Schlegel, Fauna Japonica 1845, p. 134. 



? Mugil cephalotus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Bleeker, Nat. & Geneesk. Arch. Ned. 



Ind. II (3) 1845, p. 514. Verh. Bat. Gen. XXII. 1849, Bijdr. ichth. fauna 



Madura p. 5. Ibid. XXIII. 1850, Bijdr. ichth. fauna Midden en Oost-Java, p. 9. 

 Mugil macrolepidotus Richardson, Ichth. of the seas of China & Japan, 1846, p. 249. 

 Mugil japonicus Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. XXV. 1853, Nalezingen ichth. Japan, p. 41. 

 Mugil cephalotus C.V.? Cant. Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. XVI. 1858 



1859, p. 277. 



Mugil dobula Giinther, Cat. Brit. Mus. III. 1859 1861, p. 420. 

 Mugil cephalotus Bleeker, Act. Soc. Sc. Indo-Neerl. VIII. 1 860, I3de Bijdr. 



Vischfauna Borneo, p. 51. 

 Mugil cephalotus Kner, Fische Novara-Exp. I. 1865 1867, p. 224. 



