THE FIRST PAPER-MAKER 171 



scraping wood and manufacturing paper ; the long, 

 narrow shield ; the broad tongue ; and the delicately 

 jointed palps, or finger-like feeders. Notice how 

 some of these organs are suitable for cutting and 

 rasping, while others lend themselves to the most 

 dainty and delicate manipulation. 



No. 8 shows us the same head, decapitated, and 



NO. IO. MOUTH ALMOST CLOSED : ATTITUDE FOR SCRAPING WOOD : 

 BACK VIEW. 



seen from behind. The shield-like space in the 

 very middle represents the point of decapitation 

 the cut neck, if I may use frankly human language. 

 Below is the hollow or receptacle into which all 

 the organs can be withdrawn when not in use, and 

 packed away like surgical knives and lancets in an 

 instrument case. Observe in the sequel how neatly 



