VASCULAKES, 



OR 



FLOWERING PLANTS. 



PLANTS furnished with flowers, and spiral vessels. Phsenoga- 

 inous or Phanerogamous Plants of Authors. 



Substance of the plant composed of cellular tissue, woody 

 fibre, ducts, and spiral vessels. Leaves composed of parenchyma, 

 and of veins consisting of woody fibre and spiral vessels. Cu- 

 ticle with stomata. Flowers consisting of floral envelopes, sta- 

 niensj and pistilla. Seeds distinctly attached to a placenta, 

 covered with a testa, and containing an embryo with one or 

 more cotyledons ; germinating at fixed points, the plumula and 

 radicle. 



Vasculares are divided into two classes Exogena or Dicotyledo- 

 nous^ and Endogence or Monocotyledonous plants. 



CLASS I. EXOGEN^: OR DICOTYLEDONS. 



Trunk more or less conical, formed of three parts, one within 

 the other, viz. the bark, the wood, and the pith, of which the 

 wood is enclosed between the two others ; increasing by an an- 

 nual deposition of new wood and cortical matter between the 

 wood and bark. Leaves always articulated with the stem, with 

 branching reticulated veins, often opposite and divided. Flowers 

 generally with a distinct calyx and a quinary division of the 

 floral envelopes. Embryo with two or more opposite cotyle- 

 dons, which often become green and leaf-like after germination ; 

 radicle naked, i. e. elongating into a root without penetrating 

 any external case. 



Exogenous plants have their seeds either enclosed in a peri- 

 carpium (.Angiospermce), or naked (Gymnosperce) . The latter 

 only contains one order of indigenous plants viz. Coniferce. 



