132 STELLATE. [Rubia. 



simple footstalks, arising from the axils of the leaves. Bristles of the 

 fruit hooked, which by this means catch hold of the coats of animals, 

 and are widely dispersed. The seeds have been recommended as a 

 substitute for coffee. Hook. Fl. May Aug. 0. 



2. ASPERULA. Linn. Woodruff. 



Corolla funnel-shaped. Fruit without any distinct margin to 

 the calyx. Name from asper, rough, owing to the roughness 

 of some species of the Genus. Tetrandria. Monogynia. 



1. A. odorata, Linn. Sweet Woodruff. Leaves eight in a 

 whorl, lanceolate ; panicles stalked, of few flowers. Br. Fl. 1. 

 p. 65. E. FL v. i. p. 196. E. Bot. t. 755. 



Woods and shady places, plentiful. Fl. May, June. 1. About 

 six inches high, erect. Flowers white. Whole plant very fragrant, 

 especially in the act of drying and when dry. 



2. A. Cynanchica, Linn. Small Woodruff, Squinancy-wort. 

 Leaves linear, four in a whorl ; the upper ones very unequal ; 

 flowers all 4-cleft ; fruit smooth. Br. Fl. 1. p. 65. E. Fl. v. 

 i. p. 198. E. Bot. t. 33. 



Abundant on limestone rocks about Corrofin and other places in the 

 County of Clare, and in the large Island of Arran, where I collected 

 specimens in 1805, but neglected to insert it in my last catalogue. FL 

 June, July. %. Stem branching. Flowers white or bluish coloured, 

 with three red lines on each segment. 



3. SHERARDIA. Lirm. Field Madder. 



Corolla funnel-shaped, 4-cleft. Fruit dry, crowned with the 

 persistent teeth of the calyx. Named in honour of James 

 Sherard, an English Botanist and Patron of Botany, whose 

 fine garden at. Eltham in Kent, gave rise to the famous 

 " Hortus Elthamensis" of Dillenius. Tetrandria. Monogynia. 



1. S. arvensis, Linn. Blue Sherardia. All the leaves whorled ; 

 flowers terminal. Br. Fl. 1. p. 66. E. Fl. v. i. p. 196. E. 

 Bot. t. 893. 



Corn fields, and dry gravelly banks, frequent. FL June Aug, 

 . Stem branching. Calyx of two sepals. Corolla purplish 

 blue. 



4. RUBIA. Linn. Madder. 



Corolla rotate or campanulate, 4 or 5-lobed. Stamens 4 or 5. 

 Fruit a 2-lobed berry. Name from ruber, red, from the red 

 dye afforded by the species, especially the Rubia tinctorum, 

 which produces the true Madder or Turkey red of commerce. 



Tetrandria. Monogynia,. 



1. R. peregrina, Linn. Wild Madder. Leaves 4 6 in a 

 whorl, lanceolate, persistent, glossy, the margin and keel rough 



