H2 COMPOSITE. [Eupatorium. 



Leaves hairy, rather stiff ; radical ones ovate, mostly petiolate, those 

 of the stem oblong-. Flowers purplish blue, often white. 



3. KNAUTIA. Linn. Knautia. 



Involucellum compressed, with four little excavations, closely 

 surrounding the fruit, placed on a short stalk. Calyx with 

 a somewhat cup-shaped limb. Name, in honour of Christo- 

 pher Knaut, a botanist of Saxony, who flourished in the 

 latter half of the seventeenth century. 



Tetrandria. Monogynia. 



1. K. arvensis, Coulter. Field Knautia or Scabious. Heads 

 many-flowered ; teeth of the crown very small ; ciliae of the 

 calyx 8 16, somewhat awned. Coulter. Br. Fl. J. p. 60. 

 Scabiosa arvensis. E. Fl. v. 1. p. 195. E. Bot. t. 659. 



Pastures and corn fields, frequent. FL July. %. Two to three 

 feet high. Radical leaves lanceolate, slightly serrate, hairy. Heads 

 of flowers large, convex, lilac-purple ; outer florets large, with their 

 segments unequal, the lower ones very large, and forming a sort of ray 

 around the head ; inner florets with equal segments. Sir J. E. Smith 

 states that the fine pale purple flowers of this plant change to a most 

 beautiful green if held for a few minutes over the smoke of tobacco. 



ORD. 41. COMPOSITE. Juss. Composite Family. 



Tube of the calyx adnate with the ovary ; the limb entire or 

 toothed, or resembling scales, or mostly expanded into a simple 

 or feathery pappus, sometimes wanting. Corolla regular and 

 funnel-shaped, or irregular and ligulate, sometimes 2-lipped, ge- 

 nerally 4 5-toothed. Stamens 4 or 5, alternate with the teeth 

 of the corolla : anthers cohering in a cylinder. Ovary 1, 1- 

 celled, with a single erect ovule ; style 1 ; stigmas simple or 

 bifid. Fruit an achenium, crowned with the limb of the calyx 

 or pappus. Seed erect, without albumen. Embryo straight ; 

 radicle directed to the hilum. 



Tribe I. Corymbiferce. Juss. 



Flowers flosculous, or radiant. Receptacle membranous, or 

 not fleshy. Stigmata not articulated with the style. 



1. EUPATORIUM. Linn. Hemp-agrimony. 



Involucre cylindrical ; scales imbricated, oval-oblong. Florets 

 few, all tubular. Receptacle naked. Pappus pilose. 

 Name ; from Eupator, the surname of Mithridates, King of 

 Pontus, who brought this plant into use. 



Syngenesia. ^Equalis. 



