156 COMPOSITE. [Arctium. 



nous, scabrous ; involucres sphaerical, woolly. Br. Fl. 1 . p. 

 351. E. FL v. iii. p. 390. Carduus eriophorus, Linn. E. 

 Hot. t. 386. 



Sandy fields, rare, near Londonderry ; Mr. Nultall. Fl. July. $ . 

 Stems much branched, three feet high, the stoutest of the genus, fur- 

 rowed. Leaves acuminated, white and downy beneath ; their lobes 

 alternately pointing upwards and downwards, and terminated by sharp 

 spines. Involucre very large, its scales linear, mucronate, very much 

 interwoven with a woolly substance. 



6. C. pratensis, Willd. Meadow Plume-thistle. Upper 

 leaves sessile, lanceolate, soft, waved at the edge, and unequally 

 spinous, pubescent, cottony beneath; flowers mostly solitary. 

 Br. Fl. ]. p. 352. E. Fl. v. iii. p. 393. Carduus pratensis, 

 Huds.E.Bot. t. 177. 



Low wet meadows, more rarely in high boggy grounds, in various 

 parts of the country. Glen-Cree, County of Wicklow, and near Castle- 

 Connel, County of 'Limerick. Near Dungiven and elsewhere in Derryj; 

 Mr. Templeton. Plentiful in the County of Fermanagh ; Mr. J. 

 Johnston. FL July. !. A foot or more high. Leaves waved, .toothed, 

 and spiny. Flowers solitary. Scales of the involucre with short 

 spines, lanceolate, closely imbricated, cobwebbed. 



24. CARLINA. Linn. Carline Thistle. 



Involucre imbricated, tumid; the outer scales with numerous 

 spines, the inner ones coloured, spreading, membranous. 

 Receptacle chaffy. Pappus feathery. Name; the same as 

 Carolina, from a tradition that the root was shown by an angel 

 to Charlemagne, as a remedy for the plague which prevailed 

 in his army. Syngenesia. JEqualis. 



I. C. vulgaris, Linn. Common Carline Thistle. Stem 

 many-flowered, corymbose, pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, un- 

 equally spinous and sinuated, downy beneath. Br. Fl. I. p. 353. 

 E. Fl. v. iii. p. 397. E. Bot.t. 1144. 



Dry hilly pastures, fields, and sandy commons. Plentiful on 

 Howth, Portmarnock and other places' near Dublin. Little-island, 

 near Cork ; Mr. J. Drummond. FL June. $ . One foot high ; 

 very spinous, but the spines generally short. Ext. scales or leaflets of 

 the involucre much resembling the leaves, but smaller ; inner ones 

 linear, membranous, yellow, entire, spreading and forming an horizontal 

 ray around the purplish florets. Anthers with two bristles at the base. 



25. ARCTIUM. Linn. Burdock. LAPPA. Tourn. 



Involucre globose, each of its scales with an incurved hook at 

 the extremity. Receptacle chaffy. Pappus simple. Name, 

 apKTos, a bea^ from the coarse texture of the involucres. 



Syngenesia. ^Equalis. 



1. A. Lappa, Linn. Common Burdock. Leaves cordate, 

 stalked. Br. Fl. \.p. 349. 



