Ulmus.] ULMACE^. 241 



March, April. T? . A large tree, with rugged bark. Flowers in dense 

 heads, each subtended by a small scale or bractea. This yields the 

 best wood of all the Elms. The bored trunks were formerly in great 

 demand for conveying water through Dublin and other large cities, be- 

 fore the introduction of metal pipes, and is still much used in carpen- 

 tary work. It forms the best tree when grafted on seedling plants of 

 the broad-leaved Wych Elm, ( U. montanaj when it is also less lia- 

 ble to be blown down by high winds. The Hertfordshire Elm is sup- 

 posed by Mr. Lindley to be a variety of U. campestris. 



2. U. sulerosa, Ehrh. Cork-barked Elm. Leaves nearly 

 orbicular, acute, obliquely cordate at the base, sharply, regu- 

 larly, and doubly serrated, always scabrous above, pubescent 

 below, chiefly hairy on the axils ; branches spreading, bright- 

 brown, winged with corky excrescences; when young very 

 hairy ; fruit nearly round, deeply cloven, naked. Lindl. Syn. 

 p. 226. Br. Fl. i. p. 140. E. Fl. v. ii. p. 21. 



Hedges and woods, but probably introduced. Fl. March. T? . 

 Remarkable for the cork-like covering to the branches, which is full of 

 deepfissures. 



3. U. glabra, Mill. Smooth-leaved Elm. Leaves ovato- 

 lanceolate, acuminate, doubly and evenly crenato-serrate, cu- 

 neate and oblique at the base, becoming quite smooth above, 

 smooth or glandular beneath, with a few hairs in the axils ; 

 branches bright-brown, wiry, weeping ; fruit obovate, naked, 

 deeply cloven. Lindl. Syn. p. 226. E. Fl. v. ii. p. 23. E. 

 Bot. t. 2248. 



I have observed this growing in woods at Collon, and at Glyde 

 Farm near Ardee, where it is known by the name of the Feathered 

 Elm, It forms a very graceful tree, with its tall stem, and drooping 

 branches. To this species Mr. Lindley thinks the Downton Elm and 

 Scampston Elm of the nurseries may probably belong. The vars. |3. 

 and y. of Lyndl. I have not observed ift Ireland. Fl. March. T? . 



4. U. montana, Bauh. Broad-leaved, or Wych Elm. Leaves 

 obovate, cuspidate, doubly and coarsely serrated, cuneate, and 

 nearly equal at the base, always exceedingly scabrous above, 

 evenly downy beneath; branches not corky, cinereous, smooth; 

 fruit rhomboid-oblong, scarcely cloven, naked. Lindl. Syn. p. 

 227. Br. Fl. 1. p. 142. E. Fl. v. ii. p. 22. E. BoL t. 1887.- 

 U. campestris, Willd. 



Woods and hedges in more elevated situations than any of the pre- 

 ceding, and is probably the only species that can be considered truly in- 

 digenous. Fl. March, April. T? . Distinguished at first sight by its 

 large spreading branches and broad leaves, appearing just as the "hop- 

 like fruit" comes to perfection. A variety is called the Weeping Elm, 

 another var. the Giant Elm, and Mr. Lindley says the Chichester Elm 

 also belongs to this species. This last var. as well as the common 

 Wych Elm, forms a quick screen for protecting other more delicate 

 trees in exposed situations. 



G G 



