Verrucaria.] LICHENES. 89 



On oaks, at Dromore, County of Kerry. 



7. V. olivacea, PERS. Thallus determinate, filmy, continuous, 

 or slightly cracked, roughish, olive-black ; apothecia prominent, 

 hemispherical or somewhat conical, black, slightly rugose, the 

 thallus rising about their base or investing the whole surface. 



Borr. . Pers. in Ust. Ann. Fasc. 7, p. 28. Eng. Bot. Supp. 



t. 2596, /. 1. 



Near Belfast, Mr. Templeton ; on oaks at Dromore, County of 

 Kerry. Elms, at Dunkerron. 



8. V. rhyponta, ACH. Thallus roundish, filmy, continuous, 

 roughish, as if minutely flocculose, black ; apothecia very mi- 

 nute, prominent, hemispherical, black. Borr. . Ach. Syn. p. 89. 

 Eng. Bot. Supp. t. 2597, /. 2. 



On alder at Dunkerron, County of Kerry. 



9. V. gemmata, ACH. Thallus indeterminate, white, between 

 powdery and filmy, thin, nearly continuous, nearly smooth ; 

 apothecia large, prominent, hemispherical, scattered, naked or 

 invested with a thin film. Ach. Lick. Un. p. 278. Eng. Bot. 

 Supp. t. 2617, /. 2. 



On ash at Dunkerron ; County of Kerry ; near Belfast, Mr. Tem- 

 pleton. The perithecium is deficient below the nucleus. A large and 

 conspicuous species and by no means uncommon. 



10. V. biformiS) BORR. Thallus indeterminate, filmy, conti- 

 nuous, or sparingly cracked, slightly rugose, smooth, or 

 somewhat powdery, greyish-white. Apothecia small, prominent, 

 hemispherical, pruinose or naked. Borr. in Eng. Bot. Supp. t. 

 2617, /. 1. 



Near Belfast, Mr. Templeton. On oaks at Dromore, on box at 

 Ardtully ; not uncommon. Thallus usually indeterminate, yet, in con- 

 tact with the thallus of other lichens or of itself, throwing up a black 

 border sometimes in a continuous line, at others of minute dark points 

 arranged closely in lines. The patches seldom exceed an inch in 

 breadth, but are often longer. Apothecia numerous, distinctly visible 

 to the naked eye, subglobose, elevated, minutely umbilicated, brownish- 

 black, somewhat rough, the young raising up the cuticle of the thallus, 

 through which they finally burst, the older often open by rupture or by 

 widening of the umbilicus. The perithecium passes under the base of 

 the nucleus. The V. niveo-atra Eng. Bot. Supp. t. 2637, f. 1. I 

 find on old elms at Dunkerron, but then the perfect lirellcB of an Ope- 

 grapha uniformly accompany it. 



11. V. byssacea, ACH. Thallus very thin, whitish, filmy, of 

 minute roundish cells, continuous ; apothecia minute, globose, 

 rough, half-immersed, pertused or entire, naked. Mi. Lich. 

 Un. p. 294. 



On elms at Ardtully, on oaks at Dromore, County of Kerry. The 

 cells of the thallus appear to be formed of fibres at the surface, inter- 

 lacing or netted. The border is evanescent. The apothecia very mi- 

 nute, not to be distinctly seen at the distance of an arm's length, some- 



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