527 



(Pseudococcus) cacti (Fig. 527, male, with wingless female, 

 natural size and enlarged) secretes masses of Cochineal from 

 its body. The males are carmine red, with light brown wings, 

 and the anal setae, or bristles, are two and one-half times 

 longer than the body, which is three-fourths of a line long, 

 while the female is one line in length, rounded in form, 

 and covered with a heavy bloom. It lives in Mexico on the 

 Cactus coccinellifer, and has been introduced into Spain and 

 Algiers and the Madeira islands. Coccus manniparus of 

 Ehrenberg is found at Sanai 

 growing on the Tamarix, and pro- 

 duces by its attacks the gum-like 

 secretion called "manna." Coc- 

 cus lacca Kerr lives in the East 

 Indies on the Ficus religiosa, and 

 produces the lac of commerce. 

 When found on the twigs it is 

 called stick lac, but after it has been pounded, and the 

 greater part of the coloring matter extracted by water, it is 

 called seed lac ; when melted down into cakes after it has 

 been strained and formed into thin scales, lump lac and shell 

 lac. 



Mr. Glover has figured three species of Aspidiotus found by 

 him living on the orange in Florida, and all seem to be new to 

 science. The first we may call Aspidiotus Gloverii (Fig. 528, o, 

 male ; 6, female ; d, linear scale, enlarged) which differs from 

 the others by not having, according to Glover's drawing, the 

 usual pair of caudal filaments. It occurs on the bark and 

 leaves, especially on the outer edge, and 

 along the midrib. Another species is 

 represented at Fig. 528, c. The third 

 species may be called the Aspidiotus 

 citricola, which has been very injurious 

 to the orange in the Maritime Alps in 

 Northern Italy. It has, besides a linear 

 scale like that represented in Fig. 528, d, an oval scale (Fig. 

 529, a, male; 6, female, enlarged; c, oval scale), and the 

 female has two long caudal filaments. The hymenopteroua 

 parasite, Coccophagus, preys on this genus. 



529. 



