83 



house. We found only one and a half hogs to the average farm, when Iowa 

 was producing at that time thirty-four hogs to the average farm. We found 

 the people spending cotton money to buy their hog meat and letting children 

 go without schools. 



We have turned the problem over in the South, friends, and we have now 

 turned to feeding ourselves in the South and to raise the old cash cotton 

 crop as a cash surplus; this cash surplus is giving us an opportunity to send 

 our boys and girls to school. 



Wisconsin is the next example of co-operation I am going to refer to. 

 What happened forty years ago to our neighbor state? It was a great wheat 

 state. After forty years of wheat, wheat, wheat, wheat, the chinch bug hit 

 it one year, and the next year it hit it so hard that the farmers and bankers 

 almost went broke. Everyone knows the story of Wisconsin. When the 

 wheat failed what great remedy solved the wheat and chinch bug problem in 

 that state? What did the university and scientific farmers do? They pre- 

 scribed the dairy cow. The dairy cow was brought into the state, and after 

 forty years the cow is still there. Then came the dairy business, and last 

 year a hundred and eighty-seven million dollars worth of cheese and milk 

 products was sent out of the state, and they are still holding their own in 

 wheat. That is what the dairy cow has done. In forty years the re- 

 habilitation of the land is coming back. 



WHO OWNS THE LAND? 



Whose land is this, friend? Is it the man with a fee simple title? Is it 

 the doctor's, lawyer's, or banker's? Who owns the land? I am inclined to 

 think we are only tenants for life. I am inclined to think the land belongs 

 to God Almighty who gave it to us, and we have no right to pass it to our 

 children at a less value than we receive it. That is my opinion on the land 

 problem in America. Then let us give the man who tills the soil an oppor- 

 tunity to make enough surplus to rehabilitate it and build' it up. He can't 

 do it on a short margin. A farmer who is compelled to live on that close 

 margin is going to take from the Nation the fertility of the soil and under- 

 mine the whole understructure upon which the superstructure rests. 



BALANCE WHEEL OF PEOGEESS. 



So let us help him and let us understand that there are five great prob- 

 lems in life to solve. Only five problems we divide these five segments of 

 the wheel, or spokes, into the five fields of endeavor of the American people. 

 Here we call your attention to the chart, known as the "Nation's Wheel of 

 Progress." Notice, it doesn't "divide its segments into Jews or gentiles, 

 Catholics or Protestants, Democrats or Republicans, Farmers' Union or Cham- 

 ber of Commerce. It doesn't talk in those terms at all. It says there are 

 five problems, and the five I want to mention are: first, the civic development 

 in this segment here. Then the raw production segment, where we create 

 raw products. Then manufactured products. Then, transportation, or the 

 movement of things, and commerce, or buying and selling of things. We 

 claim that everything in life is included in these five, and that you can't 

 name any field of endeavor of any man, woman, or child, that isn't included 

 in the wheel. 



Now, if we have five spokes to the great wheel of progress of the nation 

 let us strengthen those spokes equally, let us give them the same vitality, 

 let us keep them all equally strong, let us put the strain equally on the rim 

 of the wheel by holding each spoke as perfectly in its place as possible. Let 

 us deliver services every day to the American people from each one of these 

 segments and see that each group of people makes a fair and reasonable 

 profit. If you take out any spoke from the wheel, it crushes the whole wheel. 

 This shows conclusively, friends, that we need all branches of business built 

 by co-operation. 



Before I explain the segments in detail, I want to call attention to the 

 rim of the wheel and to the hub. In the rim of the wheel we have the 

 little dots which represent the people of the United States. If these people 



