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same weight, it seems that this would be a most economical process for 

 us to attempt. 



The difficulty which we have had in the past in getting these weights 

 has been two or three fold. In the first place the average cattle man has 

 felt that if a calf weighed as much in the spring of the year as he did in 

 the fall of the year when weaned that he was wintering fairly well. It 

 would take him about a month or six weeks to recover after he was turned 

 out on grass. The result is that he only had about three and a half to four 

 months to make any further growth the second summer of his life. He is 

 then wintered in such manner that he would not make any gain in weight 

 the second winter, and he would require virtually all of the third summer 

 to reach a condition desirable for slaughter as a grass-fat animal. 



In the future we will be compelled to so manage and so handle our cattle 

 that they cannot only make growth in the summer period, when nature gives 

 them the most ideal conditions, but also that ideal conditions in winter may 

 result in equally satisfying gains. As Professor Kildee said a few minutes 

 ago, the dairy ration is corn, clover, alfalfa, silage and hay. The basis of a 

 beef ration is the same. If we provide our cattle with an abundance of good 

 roughage that is palatable, wholesome and nutritious, we would never 

 expect them to lose anything during the winter, as they so frequently do. 

 One of the problems which we have before us is to devise means and methods 

 by which we can winter our cattle economically and yet in such a manner 

 that they will make a normal rate of growth and improve in condition rather 

 than go backward, thus eliminating loss. 



PERMANENCY WINS. 



There are times, such as we have gone through just recently, where there 

 is a general readjustment in values, but I know of no method by which we 

 can anticipate them, or any method by which we can avoid them. The man 

 who goes into the cattle business must go into it as a permanent proposition. 

 It is impossible for him to go in one year and out the next and' attempt to 

 strike a good market. If he consistently produces beef one year after another 

 he will find in the end that there is no better market for his grass, there is 

 no better market for his corn, there is no better market for his hay and the 

 other feeds that he produces on his farm than by converting them into meat. 

 He can do this and maintain the fertility of the soil; he can do it and main- 

 tain the yield of his crops, and if he is so situated that it is possible for him 

 to place a breeding herd on his lands he can do it and at the same time 

 build up the quality and the type, and the breeding and selling value of the 

 cattle which he produces. 



It is quite noticeable when we go to the markets of the country to buy 

 feeding cattle that we have very great difficulty in securing cattle of the 

 quality, type and breeding that we desire. -Any man who has produced the 

 sort of a calf that you would like to put ihto your feed lots and' finish as a 

 yearling, is one who has made a very splendid study of the production of 

 beef, and has produced that sort of a calf simply because of the fact that he 

 wants it himself. He hasn't produced him to sell as a feeder, but he has 

 produced him to sell as a fat steer. The result of it is that the great bulk 

 of the cattle that are produced' in the pasture sections as distinguished from 

 the range sections of the, country are never offered to you as feeders. If you 

 want that class of cattle you will have to produce them. 



On the other hand there is an opportunity for a few of you to go to the 

 range section of the country and buy your cattle direct. The range cattle 

 man is looking for a definite, distinct outlet for the product of his herd, and 

 he is looking for a means by which he can sell his cattle at a little bit higher 

 price, by which he can get a little more profit out of them and yet deliver 

 them to a man who expects to eventually feed him at a lower price than he 

 is accustomed to pay. I think we are working at a system of that sort 

 throughout the entire country. It is going to mean a great d'eal both to the 



