viii CONTENTS. 



PACK 



THE BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA EAST OF THE NINE- 

 TIETH MERIDIAN 41 



KEY TO ORDERS AND FAMILIES 41 



I. ORDER PYGOPODES : Diving Birds 56 



1. Family Podicipidae : Grebes 56 



2. Family Urinatoridae : Loons 58 



3. Family Alcidae : Auks, Murres, and Puffins . . 60 



II. ORDER LONGIPENNES: LONG-WINGED SWIMMERS . . 65 



4. Family Stercorariidas : Skuas and Jaegers . . .65 



5. Family Laridae : Gulls and Terns . . . .67 



6. Rynchopidse: Skimmers 85 



III. ORDER TUBINARES: TUBE-NOSED SWIMMERS . . 86 



7. Family DiomedeidaB : Albatrosses . . . .86 



8. Procellariidae : Petrels, Fulmars, and Shearwaters . 86 



IV. ORDER STEGANOPODES : TOTIPALMATE SWIMMERS . . 91 



9. Family Phaethontidas : Tropic Birds . . . .91 



10. Family Sulidae : Gannets 92 



11. Family Anhingidae : Darters 93 



12. Family Phalacrocoracidae : Cormorants . . .94 



13. Family Pelecanidae : Pelicans 95 



14. Family Fregatidae : Man-o'-War Birds . . .97 



V. ORDER ANSERES : LAMELLIROSTRAL SWIMMERS . . 97 



15. Family Anatidae: Ducks, Geese, and Swans . . 97 



VI. ORDER ODONTOGLOSS^E : LAMELLIROSTRAL GRALLATORES . 125 



16. Family Phcenicopteridae : Flamingoes . . . 125 



VII. ORDER HERODIONES : HERONS, STORKS, IBISES, ETC. . . 125 



17. Family Plataleidas: Spoonbills 125 



18. Family Ibididae : Ibises 126 



19. Family Ciconiidse : Storks and Wood Ibises . . 127 



20. Family Ardeidse: Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns . 128 



VIII. ORDER PALUDICOL^E : CRANES, RAILS, ETC. . . . 137 



21. Family Gruidae: Cranes 137 



22. Family Aramidae : Courlans 138 



23. Family Rallidac: Rails, Gallinulcs, and Coots . . 139 



IX. ORDER LIMICOI^B: SHORE BIRDS 147 



24. Family Phalaropodidre : Phalaropes .... 147 



25. Family Recurvirostridse : Stilts and Avocets . . 149 



26. Family Scolopacidaa : Snipes, Sandpipers, etc. . . 150 



