230 WOODPECKERS. 



than the Downy's, and when one is familiar with both there is no diffl' 

 culty in distinguishing the two by their voices. 



In speaking of the difference which exists between the rolling tattoo 

 of some Woodpeckers Mr. Brewster says : " Thus, P. pubescens has a 

 long, unbroken roll, P. villosus a shorter and louder one with a greater 

 interval between each stroke ; while S. variux, commencing with a short, 

 roll, ends very emphatically with five or six distinct disconnected taps, 

 In this latter species I am convinced it is literally a call of recognition, 

 as I have repeatedly seen the bird, after producing it, listen a moment 

 when it would be answered from a distance, and its mate would shortly 

 appear and join it " (Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist., xi, 1875, p. 144). 



393b. D. v. audubonii (Swains.). SOUTHERN HAIRY WOODPECKER. 

 Si-nilar to the preceding, but smaller, and with somewhat less white in tin; 

 plumage. L., 8-10 ; W., 4-50 ; T., 2-80 ; B., 1-15. 



Range. South Atlantic and Gulf States north to South Carolina. 



This is simply a small southern race of the preceding species. It 

 resembles the northern form in habits, but is much more common, be- 

 ing nearly as numerous as the Downy Woodpecker. 



In the northwestern United States and adjoining British provinces 

 the Hairy Woodpecker reaches its maximum size, and is known as the 

 Northern Hairy Woodpecker (D. v, leiicomdas), a form which may 

 occur within our limits. 



394. Dryobates pubescens ( Linn.). DOWNY WOODPECKER. .//. 

 $. Upper parts black, a scarlet band on the nape; middle of the back 

 white; wing-feathers and their coverts spotted with white; middle tail- 

 feathers black, the outer ones white, barred with black / a white stripe above 

 and another below the eye; under part,* white. Ad. 9. Similar, but with- 

 out scarlet on the nape. L., 6-83 ; W., 3-VO ; T., 2-53 ; B., -68. 



Remarks. The Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers differ in coloration only 

 in the markings of the outer tail-feathers, which are white, barred with blaek 

 in the former, and white without bars in the latter; the difference in si/e be- 

 tween the two, however, is always diagnostic. 



Range. Eastern North America, from Labrador to Florida; resident 

 throughout its range. 



Washington, common P. R. Sing Sing, common P. 11. Cambridge, com- 

 mon P. K. 



Nest, generally in a dead tree. Eggs, four to six, -To x -00. 



Woodland, orchards, and the shade trees of lawns are alike fre- 

 quented by this, the smallest and most familiar of our Woodpeckers. 

 Sometimes he tells of his presence by an industrious tap, tap tapping 

 as he patiently digs out the grubs and larva- which form his bill of 

 fare. Again he hails us with a businesslike pfck, peck a note closely 

 resembling the sound produced by a marble quarrier's chisel, and which 



