272 FINCHES, SPARROWS, ETC. 



and Finches are more arboreal. Many .-{'i-rifs take high rank as song 

 sters, and some of our favorite cage-birds belong to this family. 



KEY TO TIIK SPECIES. 



I. Under parts with iv<l. 

 II. Under parts with no red and without distinct streaks; throat or breast 



sometimes with a patch or spot. 

 III. Under parts without red and with numerous streaks. 



I. Under parts with red. 



A. NV ing-coverts plainly tipped with white or whitish, or with a white 

 or yellow band in the wing. 



a. No red in the upper parts. 



a 1 . Back black, rump whitish, throat black, breast and under wing- 

 coverts rosy red . . . 595. RUSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK ( $ ad.). 



a*. Back and under parts streaked with black ; under wing-coverts 

 rosy red 595. KOSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK ( $ iui.). 



b. Red on upper parts confined to crown or forehead, and sometimes a 



tinge on the rump : wing under 3'25. 



l> 1 . Rump and flanks generally without blackish streaks; feathers 

 of back generally with whitish borders. 



527. GREENLAND REDPOLL. 527. HOARY REDPOLL. 

 b*. Rump and flanks always streaked ; feathers of back with little 

 if any white and generally with brownish borders. 



528. REDPOLL and races. 



b*. Back cinnamon-hrown, unstreaked ; crown, nape, and sides of 

 the neck black ; a yellow band in the wing. 



EUROPEAN GOLDFINCH. 



c. Red or pink spread more or less over entire upper parts; wing over 



3-25. 

 c>. Tips of mandibles crossed. 



522. WHITE-WINGED CROSSBILL ( & ad.). 

 A Bill stout ; mandibles not crossed . 515. PINE GROSBEAK ( & ad.). 



B. Wing-coverts not tipped with white. 



a. Throat black or blackish ; wings and tail red ; body red or olive. 



593. CARDINAL. 



b. Throat and more or less of under parts red or greenish red. 



b 1 . Plumage blood-red, brownish red, or greenish red ; tips of the 



mandibles crossed 521. AM. CROSSBILL 8 . 



b*. Plumage dull reddish ; belly whitish ; hack indistinct'y streaked, 

 with bristly feathers over the nostrils. 



517. PI-RPLE FINCH ( 6 ad.). 

 b*. Head blue ; back green ; rump red. 



601. PAINTED Bt NTIXO ( & ad.). 

 II. Under parts with no red and without distinct streaks ; 



throat or breast sometimes with a patch or spot. 

 1. Tail with white sp"t>, bars, or patrlit-s. 

 A. Back plain, without streaks. 



