I-MNVIIKS. 



A, Erne of the tail yellow M.1. I'ixt Smiw. 



/.'. <>ulT tail -leathern with white pa' 



a. Hind toe-nail shorter than the bill from the nostril. 



I o>. LeaMT wing-covorui rufous ; brcaM lrvak<-d with Mack. 

 j 540. VESPER SPARROW. 



. Sides of crown and ear-oovoti chestnut ; a black spot on the cen- 

 t.r of the breast 552. LARK SPARROW. 



b. Hind toe-nail longer than bill from nmtril. 



&>. Under parts cix-ain-bufl ; two outer tail-fcathere mostly white. 



537. SMITH'S LOKOMTR. 



b*. Under parts whitish ; brcant streaked or upottcd with black or 

 cntin lv Muck ; ccoiid outer tail 1\ atln-r with hut little white. 



M6. LAPLAND LONOSPUR. 



A FIELD KEY TO THE 



ADULT MALE FINCHES AND SPARROWS OF THE MIDDLE STATES 

 (VIRGINIA TO MASSACHUSETTS) IN BREEDING PLUMAGE. 



I. Hn-u-Ht with more or Icaa yellow. 

 11. Bn-ast blue. 



III. Breast or throat n-1. 



I V. I'.react without i-ithcr yellow, blue, or red. 



I. Breaat with more or less yellow. 



i i hin white, throat Murk; haunts gnuwy ficldo; Bong an unmusical 

 effort of six or seven notes delivered with great earnestness from a 



low perch (rare cast of the Alleghanies) 604. DICKCISSKL. 



/?. Under parts and breast pure yellow, crown and wines black ; song a 

 sweet canary like warble; flight undulating, frequently accompanied 



by the notes ckic-o-r, pr-chic-o-rte .*>_".'. (loLiir INCH. 



n. Breast blue. 



I I .. M _'t h over 6OO ; plumage deep blue, a chestnut bar across the wings 



nt f.mnd nrth of Virginia) 597. BLUE GROSBKAK. 



B, Length under 6-00; plumage indigo-blue; haunts woody fields, scrub 

 or second growth ; song clear and musical, generally delivered from a 



tree-top 598. INDIOO BrxriM.. 



Breast or throat red. 



i -"" : thmat and region atmut tho base of the bill black, rest 

 of the plumage bright vennUion-red ; head with a coiiHpiouous crest; 

 song a rich, musical whistle; call-note an insignificant chttp ; haunta 

 thickets and bushy woodland (rare north of New York city >. 



598. CARDINAL. 



B. Length 7-50; breast rose-red ; belly, tip of the tail, rump, and a band 

 in the wings white ; nwt of the plumage black ; haunts wooded growths ; 

 song loud, clear, and highly musical ; call note a metallic p*k. 



595. KoKK-BRKASTEl) GRO8BEAK. 



C. Length under 0-50; plumage more or leas heavily washed with dull 



