KIM HI'S. M'AKKnU 



southern race >f the Towheo does not associate with the 



northern bird, which is abundant in I hi- south in tin: winter. 



The latter selects haunts of mm-h the same nature as those in 

 which it panes the summer, while the v.iithern bird lives in heavy 

 growths of scrub palmetto. The notes ( ,f ullmi differ from those of 

 eryth rophthahnu* ; its tmrhef is much higher, and it* song, as Dr. 

 Allen pointed out years ago, is shorter. It is also a shyer bird than 

 its northern cu>in. 



693. Cardinal^ cajfnall (Linn.). CARDINAL. Ad. s. Throat 

 and region alx>ut the base of the bill black; real of tin- plumnire Krijrht rosy 

 red, the upper part* tii'i-vd with ^ravish; a coii.spicuou.s i-n-.-t ; l-ill n-d. Ad. 

 9 .Throat and region about the bane of bill irray ish black : rrv-t. wings, 

 and lail dull red ; upi>cr part* olive brownish ash ; under purls l.utfy ochra- 

 ceoua, lighter on the belly, and sometime* tinged with red on the breast. L., 

 8-85; W., 8-75; T., 4-00 ; B., -84. 



Kangt. Eastern I nited States; Im-eds from Florida to Iowa and south- 

 ern New York ; resilient throughout its range. 



Washington, common P. R. ; lew common than formerly. Sing Sing, 

 A. V. Cambridge, casual, two instance*. 



3rf, of twigs, rootlets, and strips of bark, lined w ith grasses and rootlets, 

 in bushes, fyy*, three to four, white or bluish white, speckled or spotted 

 with grayish brown, cinnmnon-brown, or umber, 1-00 x 70. 



One's first impression of the Cardinal Grosbeak will usually be that 

 he is rather a clumsy fellow. His body appears to be stiff, as if it 

 were made of wood, different in every way from the pliant, lithe body 

 of the Catbird, for example. He hops ai>out on the ground with tail 

 held well up out of harm's way, and comes heavily down ujon his 

 feet, as if his body were really very solid. In fact, he is not at all a 

 graceful bird. 



He is a famous singer, his song being a loud, clear whi-tle, into 

 which usually enters quite frequently the sound of </ .' q! q! and a 

 peculiar long-drawn-out -/ sometimes syllabled as "three ch 

 He is a favorite cage-bird. The female Cardinal is herself a charming 

 singer, more pleasing to many than her mate, her music being softer 

 in tone and otherwise different from his. The common call-note of 

 both is a sharp, abrupt trip! easily recognized after being once 



As the head of a family the Cardinal is admirable, not only in his 

 attentions to his lovely dove-colored mate, but in singing to her by the 

 hour, and in protecting her from intrusion or danger. To the young in 

 the nest he is an untiring provider f worms a:id grubs, and thus most 

 useful in a garden. Nothing can be more comical than his behavior 

 when he first conducts his young family out into the world while his 

 mate is engaged with her second -itting. He is as fussy as any young 



