NOMENCLATURE. 91 



name of the family is taken ends in Latin with ix or .is (genitive ids, idis, or iscis), 

 the termination icece, idece, or ineceis permitted ; as, Salix, Salicinece; Berberis, Berberidece; 

 Tamarix, Tamarisdnece. 2. When the genus from whence the name of the family 

 is derived has a name of inconvenient length, and there is not a tribal name in the 

 family formed from the same generic name, the termination ece is admitted ; as, Dip- 

 terocarpece, from Dipterocarpus. 3. For some very large families universally known 

 under their exceptional names, the ancient designation is preserved ; as, Oruciferce, 

 Composite, and Graminece. 4. An old generic name no longer preserving that rank, 

 but applied only to a section, or even a species, may be maintained as the base of 

 a family name ; as, Hippocastanece, from Aesculus hippocastanum. 



Botanical sub-families are formed from the name of one of the genera contained 

 in them, with the termination ece or inece, and also the names of tribes and sub- 

 tribes which take the termination ece ; as, Rosece, from Rosa. 



The names of zoological families are formed by adding the termination idee to 

 the earliest known, or most characteristic genus contained in them ; and of sub- 

 families by adding the termination ince ; as, Terbebratula, Terebraivlidce ; Strix, Strigidce, 

 not Strixidce; Biiceros, Bucerotidce, not Bucerosidce or Biweridce. The i in idee is short ; 

 but in ince it is long. 



Names of higher rank than genera are not rigidly subject to the law of priority, 

 because their limits fluctuate with the advancement of science, and changes are 

 therefore allowable when newly discovered facts have made the name erroneous. 

 And when a genus from whose name a family name has been taken, is removed to 

 another family, the family name may be dropped, and a new one may be coined for 

 the remaining genera. 



ORTHOGRAPHY. 



The rules of Latin orthography must be adhered to. Greek names are 

 Latinized by substituting for the Greek letters their Latin equivalents, according to 

 the following table: 



a = a; O^ra) Beta. 



ft = b ; (Ppaxiutv) Brachium. 



Y = g; (Y^Sxtffa) Glossa. 



3 = d ; (to^flk) Dipsas. 



e e ; (ua/Uoc) Hyalea, not Hyalsea. 



C = z; (Ct'Cy^ov) Zizyphus, Zizyphinus. 



7} = e; (Kttp-ijvi)) Pirena, not Pirina. 



T] final = a ; (jrezjo^iy) Pirena, not Pirene. 



#, 9 = th ; (rij.W?) Tethys ; (0re?) Thetis. 



i = i ; (Pah6<-) Balia, not Balea. 



x = c ; (Ixnoxprjvr]') Hippocrena, not Hippochrenes. 



A =1; (f*IUfe) Phyllis. 



n m ; (/jt^a?) Melas. 



v = n ; (xetprjvr)} Pirena. 



= x ; (^<r) Xenus, Xenophora. 



o,u) = o ; (<pop6s) Phorus ; (KW/JLO) Poma. 



TT = p; (TTwra/jto?) Potamus. 



