WAI,. WHIT.] 



PROTOZOA. 



149 



WALCHIA, Sternberg, 1825, Vers. Darst. 

 Flora der Vorwelt, p. 22. [Ety. proper 

 name.] Arborescent, like Araucaria; 

 branches with feathery foliage ; strob- 

 iles oblong, cylindrical, or elongated, 

 with ovate scales, sharp or lanceolate ; 

 seed minute, ovate. Type W. pinni- 

 formis. 



gracilis, Dawson, 1863, (Araucarites gra- 

 cilis,) Can. Nat., vol. 8, and Acad. Geol. 

 p. 474, Coal Meas. 



robusta, Dawson, 1871, Rep. on Prince Ed- 

 ward Island, p. 43, Coal Meas. 



WHITTLESEYA, Newberry, 1874, Proc. Cleve- 

 land Acad. Sci., p. 43. [Ety. proper 

 name.] Frond simple or pinnate, nerves 

 fasciculate, confluent to the base, not 

 dichotomous. Type W. elegans. 



elegans, Newberry, 1874, Proc. Cleveland 

 Acad. Sci., p. 43, Coal Meas. 



integrifolia, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora, 

 of Pa., p. 524, Coal Meas. 



microphylla, Lesquereux, 1884, Coal 

 Flora of Pa., p. 843, Coal Meas. 



undulata, Lesquereux, 1880, Coal Flora 

 of Pa., p. 525, Coal Meas. 



ANIMAL KINGDOM. 



THE Animal Kingdom is divided into seven Subkingdoms, viz. : Protozoa or 

 Protista, Ccelenterata, Echinodermata, Molluscoidea, Mollusca, Articulata, and 

 Vertebrata. 



SUBKINGDOM PROTOZOA. 



(protos, first; zoon, animal). 



The Palaeozoic Protozoa are included in two Classes, viz. : Rhizopoda and 

 Porifera. 



CLASS RHIZOPODA (riza, root; pous, foot). 



The Rhizopoda are the simplest and lowest forms of animal life. They are 

 generally microscopic, though some of them are more or less conspicuous to the 

 naked eye. They abound in fresh-water ponds, where each consists of a shapeless 

 mass, constantly changing its form, and shooting out and withdrawing finger-like 

 processes, but visible only under the magnifying power of a microscope. They 

 occur in marshes, ponds, lakes, and seas, and wherever dampness exists, from the 

 greatest depths to the snow-line of the mountains. The greater portion are marine, 

 and have tiny shells that enter into the composition of the ocean mud, and abound 

 in the sands of every ocean shore. The simplest kinds are not provided with a 

 shell or investing membrane, but consist of a fluid, viscid, albuminoid jelly, having 

 an extensile and contractile power, which is regarded as the elementary basis of 

 organic bodies in general. This jelly is called protoplasm (protos, first; plasso, I 

 mold), and resembles in motive power the flesh of higher animals, from which 

 character it is called sarcode (sarx, flesh; eidos, form). The protoplasm has no 

 fixed organs of any kind, internal or external. Dr. Carpenter, speaking of the 

 Rhizopoda, says: 



" If the views which I have expressed as to the nature and relations of their 

 living substance be correct, that substance does not present any such differentiation 

 as is necessary to constitute what is commonly understood as ' organization ' even 



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