PROTOZOA. 



155 



branches, which arise from a reticulated 

 base ; base covered with a dermal layer, 

 which exhibits on its inner side a net- 

 work of substellate or irregularly 

 branched spicule fiber ; spicules acerate, 

 bifid, trifid, or four-rayed. Type B. 

 spicata. 



spicata, Ulrich, (in press,) Geo. Sur. 

 111., vol. 8, p. 246, Coal Meas. 



BEATRICEA, Billings, 1875, Rep. of Progr. 

 Geo. Sur. Can., p. 343. [Ety. proper 

 name.] This genus was supposed by 

 Hyatt (Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, 1865,) 

 to belong to the class Cephalopoda, 

 and he proposed a new order for the 

 genus, to-wit : Ceriolites, from keri&n, 

 a honey-comb ; lithos, a stone ; and a 

 family Ceriolidae. They are, however, 

 long, cylindrical spongeoid bodies. Type 

 B. nodulosa. 



nodulosa, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr. 

 Geo. Sur. Can., p. 344, Trenton and 

 Hud. Riv. Gr. 



undulata, Billings, 1857, Rep. of Progr. 

 Geo. Sur. Can., p. 344, Trenton Gr. 



BELEMNOSPONGIA, Ulrich, (in press,) Geo. 

 Sur. 111., vol. 8, p. 248. [Ety. belemnos, 

 a dart; spongia, sponge.] Composed of 

 elongate acerate spicules, which radiate 

 upward and outward from a pointed 

 base ; spicules large, and joined to each 

 other by short processes. Type B. fas- 

 cicularis. 



fascicularis, Ulrich, (in press,) Geo. Sur. 

 111., vol. 8, p. 248, Burlington Gr. 



Blumenbachium, Konig, 1820, Icones fossiles, 



sectiles. 

 meniscus, see Astneospongia meniscus. 



BRACHIOSPONGIA, Marsh, 1867, Am. Jour. 

 Sci. and Arts, 2d ser., vol. 44, p. 88. 

 [Ety. brachium, arm ; sp&ngia, sponge.] 

 A short vase or hollow central nucleus, 

 throwing out large, hollow arms, which 

 are closed at the distal extremities ; 

 skeleton comparatively thin and bear- 

 ing a network of spicules ; all observed 

 specimens are silicious, and outer sur- 

 face therefore destroyed. Type B. 

 digitata. 



FIG. 92. Brachiospongia digitata. %diam., show- 

 ing large gastral cavity. 



digitata, Owen, 1857, (Scyphia digitata,) 

 Geo. of Ky., vol. 2, p. Ill, Trenton Gr. 



hoveyi, Marsh, 1874, Trans. Kansas Acad. 

 Sci., p. 344, syn. for B. digitata, but 



founded on a specimen having twelve 



arms. 

 lyoni, Marsh, 1867, Am. Jour. Sci. and 



Arts, 2d ser., vol. 44, p. 88, syn. for B. 



digitata, but founded on a specimen 



having eleven arms. 

 roemerana, Marsh, 1867, Am. Jour. Sci. and 



Arts, 2d ser., vol. 44, p. 88, syn. for 



B. digitata. 

 CALATHIUM, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1, 



&208. [Ety. kalathos, a small wicker bas- 

 3t.] Cylindro-turbinate in form, per- 

 forated by small canals arranged in 

 longitudinal and transverse rows; ap- 

 ertures round, oval, or quadrangular; 

 cup deer. Type C. formosum. 



affine, Billings, 1865, 

 Pal. Foss. vol. 1, p. 

 209, Quebec Gr. 



anstedi, Billings. 1865, 

 Pal. Foss., vol. 1, p. 

 201 and 337, Quebec 

 Gr. 



canadense, Billings, 

 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 

 1, p. 377, Chazy Gr. 



fittoni, Billings, 1865, Fl 



T> i '17 11 



ral. .boss., vol. 1, p. 



211, Quebec Gr. 

 formosum, Billings, 



1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 1, p. 209, Quebec Gr. 

 infelix, Ulrich & Everett, (in press,) Geo. 



Sur. 111., vol, 8, p. 274, Trenton Gr. 



Calathium 

 canadense. Verti- 

 cal section, showing 

 cup. 



FIG. 94. Calathium formosum. 



pannosum, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., vol. 

 1, p. 335, Quebec Gr. 



paradoxicum, Billings, 1865, Pal. Foss., 

 vol. 1, p. 358, Calcif. Gr. Hinde, in 

 1889, Quar. Jour. Geo. Soc., p. 144, 

 made this species the type of a new 

 genus, Nipterella. 



CALCARINA, D'Orbigny, 1826, Tableau Meth- 

 pdique de la Classe des Cephalopodes, 

 in Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 

 tome 7. [Ety. colds, limestone.] Free, 

 convoluted, depressed, spire-coiled, sup- 

 plemental growths of the interior shell, 

 aperture slit in the terminal chamber 

 close to the penultimate convolution. 

 A living genus in tropical seas. 



ambigua, Brady, 1878, Monograph of Car- 

 boniferous and Permian foraminifera, 

 p. 141, Carboniferous. 



CALCISPH^RA, Williamson, 1880, Mem. Org. 

 of the plants of the Coal Meas., pt. 10. 

 [Ety. calcis, limestone ; spheera, sphere.] 

 A minute globular test, having an aper- 

 ture ; wall composed of minute calcare- 

 ous grains. Type C. robusta. 



