160 



PROTOZOA. 



[FUN. 



profundum, Billings, 1861, (Archseocya- 

 thus profundus,) Pal. Foss., vol. 1, p. 4, 



Up. Taconic. 

 rarum, Ford, 1878, 

 (Protocyathus rarus,) 

 Am. Jour. Sci. and 

 Arts, 3d ser., vol. 15, 

 p. 124, Up. Taconic. 

 rensselsericum, Ford, 

 1873, (Archaeocya- 

 thellus rensselseri- 

 cus,) Am. Jour. Sci. 

 and Arts, 3d ser., vol. 

 5, p.211,Up. Taconic. 

 whitneyi, Meek, 1868, 

 Am. Jour. Sci. and 

 Arts, 2d ser., vol. 

 45, p. 62, Up. Ta- 

 conic. 



FUNGISPONGIA, Ringueberg, 1884, Proc. 

 Aad. Nat. Sci., p. 147. [Ety. fungus, a 

 mushroom ; spongia, a sponge.] Defi- 

 nition very poor. Type F. irregularis. 

 irregularis, Ringueberg, 1884, Proc. Acad. 

 Nat. Sci., p. 147, Clinton Gr. Very 

 poorly denned. 



FUSULINA, Fischer, 1837, Oryct. du Gouv. 

 de Moscou., p. 126. [Ety. fusus, spindle ; 

 inus, little.] Shell fusiform, symmet- 

 rically involute, surface furrowed coin- 

 cident with the septa within ; aperture 

 a narrow slit in the middle part, fora- 

 mina passing through the walls ; septa 

 widening toward the extremities. Type 

 F. cylindrica. 



cylindrica, Fischer, 1837, Oryct. du. Gouv. 

 de Moscou., p. 126, Coal Meas. 



FIG. 106. Ethmo- 



phyllum pro- 

 fundum. Base of at- 

 tachment. 



FIG. 107. Fusulina cylindrica. Natural size, 

 magnified, and transverse section. 



cylindrica var. ventricosa, see F. ventricosa. 



depressa, Fischer, 1837, Oryct. du Gouv. 

 de Moscou., p. 127, Coal Meas. 



elongata, Shumard, 1858, Trans. St. Louis 

 Acad. Sci., vol. 1, p. 297. Permian Gr. 



gracilis, Meek, 1864, Pal. of California, 

 vol. 1, p. 4, Coal Meas. 



hyperborea, Salter, 1855, Belcher's Last 

 Arctic Voyage, vol. 2, p. 380, Carbonif- 

 erous. 



robusta, Meek, 1864, Pal. California, vol. 

 1, p. 3, Coal Meas. 



ventricosa, Meek & Hayden, 1864, Pal. 



Upper Mo., p. 14, Coal Meas. 

 HETEROSPONGIA, Ulrich, 1889, Am. Geol., 

 vol. 3, p. 239. [Ety. heteros irregular ; 

 spongia, sponge.] Sublobate, com- 

 pressed branches, covered with mouths 

 of tortuous canals ; skeleton composed 

 of loosely interwoven spicule fibers. 

 Type H. subramosa. 



aspera, Ulrich, 1889, Am. Geol., vol. 3, p. 

 241, Hud. Riv. Gr. 



knotti, Ulrich, 1889, Am. Geol., vol. 3, p. 

 241, Hud. Riv. Gr. 



subramosa, Ulrich, 1889, Am. Geol., vol. 



3, p. 240, Hud. Riv. Gr. 

 HINDIA, Duncan, 1879, Ann. and Mag. Nat. 

 Hist., 5th ser., vol. 4, p. 91. [Ety. 

 proper name.] Free, spheroidal, with- 

 out involution of texture ; small cen- 

 tral space occupied by spicules which 

 form a series of bifurcating, long, 

 straight canals, that open at the surface ; 

 spicules more or less in shape of a 

 stemmed tripod, with four limbs, and 

 swollen or fringed at the ends. Type 

 H. fibrosa. This may be a synonym 

 for Microspongia ; but as the latter is 

 calcareous, and the spicules have not 

 been determined, both generic names 

 are retained. 



fibrosa, Roemer,1860,(Calamopora fibrosa,) 

 Sil. Fauna W. Tenn., p. 20, Niagara Gr. 



insequalis, Ulrich & Everett, (in press,) 

 Geo. Sur. 111., vol., 8, p. 275, Tren- 

 ton Gr. 



spheriodalis, Duncan, 1879, Ann. and Mag. 

 Nat. Hist., 5th ser., vol. 4, p. 91, syn. 

 for H. fibrosa. 



parva, see Microspongia parva. 

 HYSTRISPONGIA, Ulrich, (in press,) Geo. 

 Sur. 111., vol. 8, p. 245. [Ety. hyslrix, 

 porcupine ; spongia, sponge.] Subglob- 

 ular or ovoid ; spicules arranged radiately 

 from the base, most of them Macerate 

 and taper each way to pointed ends, 

 some trifid at one end, and others four- 

 rayed. Type H. carbonaria. 



carbonaria, 'Ulrich, (in press,) Geo. Sur. 



111., vol. 8, p. 245, Coal Meas. 

 Ischadites tessellatus, see Receptaculites tes- 



sellatus. 



LASIOCLADIA, Hinde, 1884. [Ety. Jasios, 

 shaggy ; Hados, twig.] Skeleton composed 

 of elongate, slender, straight, acerate 

 spicules, pointed at both ends. Type 

 L. compressa. 



hindii, Ulrich, (in press,) Geo. Sur. III., 



vol. 8, p. 249, Keokuk Gr. 

 LEPIDOLITES, Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc. 

 Nat. Hist., vol. 2, p. 20. [Ety. lepis, 

 scale ; lithos, stone.] Subspherical or 

 subcylindrical bodies, hollow within 

 and consisting of exteriorly imbrica- 

 ting scales. Type L. dickhauti. The 

 name was preoccupied in mineralogy. 



dickhauti, Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc. 

 Nat. Hist., vol. 2. p. 21, Hud. Riv. Gr. 



elongatus, Ulrich, 1879, Jour. Cin. Soc. 

 Nat. Hist., vol. 2, p. 22, Hud. Riv. 

 Gr. This is not distinct from L. dick- 

 hauti. 



LEPTOMITUS, Walcott, 1886, Bull. U. S. Geo. 

 Sur. No. 30, p. 89. [Ety. leptos, fine; 

 mitos, thread.] Elongate bodies, formed 

 of fine, thread-like, longitudinal lines, 

 apparently imbedded in a delicate 

 membrane, slowly expanding from a 

 narrow base. Type L. zitteli. 



zitteli, Walcott, 1886, Bull. U. S. Geo. 

 Sur. No. 30, p. 89, Georgia Gr. 



