352 



BRACHIOPODA. 



[LIN. MAR. 



LINGULELLA, Salter, 1861, Mem. Geo. North 

 Wales, and Geo. Sur. Gt. Brit., vol. 3, 

 p. 333. [Ety. diminutive of Lingula.] 

 General form like 

 Lingula; nearly 

 equi valve, ventral 

 valve pointed with a 

 pedicle groove ; mus- 

 cular scars as in obo- 

 lus, but anterior re- 

 tractors more linear, 

 and sliding muscles 

 small and not quite 

 as much external. 



Type L. davisi. 

 ?affinis, 



FIG. 578. Lingu- 

 lella cuiieata. 



Fig. 577. Lingulella ?affinis, Billings, 1874, 



cincinnatiensis. p a ] Foss., vol. 2, 



p. 67, Up. Taconic. 



aurora, Hall, 1861, (Lingula aurora,) Geo. 

 Rep. Wis., p. 24, Potsdam Gr. 



ctelata, Hall, 1847, (Orbicula cailata,) Pal. 

 N. Y., vol. 1, p. 290, Georgia Gr. 



cincinnatiensis, Hall & Whitfield, 1875, 

 Ohio Pal., vol. 2, p. 67, Hud. Riv. Gr. 



cuneata, Conrad, 1839, 

 (lingula cuneata,) Geo. 

 Rep. N. Y., p. 64, and 

 Pal. N. Y., vol. 2, p. 8, 

 Clinton Gr. 



dawsoni, Matthew, 1885, 

 Trans. Roy. Soc. Can., 

 p. 33, St. John Gr. 



ella, Hall & Whitfield, 

 1877, (Lingulepis ella,) 

 Geo. Expl. 40th Paral- 

 lel, vol. 4, p. 232, Up. 

 Taconic. 



g r a n v i llensis, Walcott, 

 1887, Am. Jour. Sci. 

 and Arts., 3d ser., vol. 34, p. 187, Up. 

 Taconic. 



inflata, Matthew, 1885, Trans. Roy. Soc. 

 Can., p. 33, St. John Gr. 



iowensis, Owen, 1840, (Lingula iowensis,) 

 Rep. Min. Lands, p. 70, Galena Gr. 



lamborni, Meek, 1871, Proc. Acad. Nat. 

 Sci., p. 185, Calciferous or Potsdam Gr. 



linguloides, Matthew, 1885, Trans. Roy. 

 Soc. Can., p. 34, St. John Gr. 



? spissa, Billings, 1874, Pal. Foss., vol. 2, 



p. 67, Up. Taconic. 



LINGULEPIS, Hall, 1863, 16th Rep. N. Y. St. 

 Mus. Nat. Hist., p. 126. [Ety. lingula, 

 little tongue ; lepis, scale.] Linguloid, 

 inequi valve, equilateral, ovate or spatu- 

 late, corneous, phosphatic; visceral im- 

 pressions in dorsal valve flabelliform, in 

 ventral valve tripartite, the lateral di- 

 visions the larger. Type L. pinni- 

 formis. 



cuneolus, Whitfield, 1877, Prelim. Rep. 

 Pal. Black Hills, p. 8, and Geol. Black 

 Hills, p. 336, Potsdam Gr. 



dakotensis, Meek&Hayden, 1864, Pal. Up. 

 Mo., p. 3, and Geol. Black Hills, p. 337, 

 Potsdam Gr. 



ella, See Lingulella ella. 



maera, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S. Expl. 

 40th Parallel, vol. 4, p. 206, Potsdam Gr. 



FIG. 579. Lingule- 

 pis pi uniform is. 



minima, Whitfield, 1884, Bull. Am. Mus. 

 Nat. Hist., vol. 1, p. 139, Up. Taconic. 



minuta, Hall & Whitfield, 1877, U. S. 

 Expl. 40th Parallel, vol. 4, p. 206, Pots- 

 dam Gr. 



morsii, N. H. Winchell, 1876, (Lingula 

 morsensis,) Geol. Fillmore Co., Minn., 

 p. 31, St. Peters sandstone. 



perattenuata, Whitfield, 1877, Prelim. 

 Rep. Pal. Black Hills, p. 9, and Geol. 

 Black Hills, p. 337, Potsdam Gr, 



pin niformis, Owen, 

 1852, (Lingula pinni- 

 formis,) Geo. Rep. 

 Iowa,Wis.,and Minn., 

 p. 583, Potsdam Gr. 



prima, Conrad, 1847, 



(Lingula prima,) Pal. 



N. Y., vol. 1, p. 3, 



Potsdam Gr. 



LINGULOPS, Hall, 1871,23d 



Rep. N. Y. St. Mus. Nat. Hist, p. 245. 

 [Ety. Lingula, a genus; opsis, appear- 

 ance.] In external appearance like 

 Lingula orLingulella; the ventral valve 

 presents a small area, with a narrow 

 pedicle groove and a large lobed mus- 

 cular impression, which, in the cast, 

 extends as a narrow groove toward the 

 base of the shell ; the ramifications of 

 the vascular lines originate at nearly 

 the same point as in existing Lingula, 

 but do not extend so far backward to- 

 ward the beak. Type L. whitfieldi. 



whitfieldi, Hall, 1871, 23d Rep. N. Y. St. 



Mus. Nat. Hist., p. 245, Low. Sil. 

 LINNARSSONIA, Walcott, 1885, Am. Jour. Sci. 

 and Arts, 3d ser., vol. 29, p. 114. [Ety. 

 proper name.] Ovate or subcircular; 

 inarticulate ; apex of ventral valve per- 

 forated by a minute foramen ; no area ; 

 cardinal edge thin ; two scars in the in- 

 terior, on each side of the foramen, close 

 to the posterior margin ; dorsal valve, 

 with no area ; two scars in the interior, 

 close to the posterior margin, separated 

 by a ridge that extends forward between 

 two small divaricator scars. Type L. 

 transversa. 



taconica, Walcott, 1887, Am. Jour. Sci. 

 and Arts, 3d ser., vol. 34, p. 189, Up. 

 Taconic. 



transversa, Hartt, 1868, (Obolella trans- 

 versa,) Acad. Geol., p. 644, St. 

 John Gr. 



MARTINIA, McCoy, 1844, syn. Garb. Foss., 

 Ireland, p. 128. [Ety. proper name.] 

 General characters the Bame as Spirifera, 

 for which it is usually regarded as a 

 synonym. It is distinguished by its 

 smooth surface without radiating ribs, 

 and by having smaller spiral append- 

 ages. Type M. decora. 



athyroides, Winchell, 1866, Rep. Low. 

 Penin. Mich., p. 94, Ham. Gr. 



planoconvexa, see Spirifera planoconvexa. 



subumbonata, Hall, 1867, (Spirifera sub- 

 umbonata,) Pal. N. Y., vol. 4, p. 234, 

 Ham. Gr. and Tully limestone. 



