DIP. EPI.] 



BATRACHIA. 



621 



incisivus, Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. No. 29, 

 and Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 17, p. 

 512, Permian. 



rectiformis, Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. No. 29, 

 and Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 17, p. 

 514, Permian. 



semiradicatus, Cope, 1881, Bull. U. S. Geo. 

 Sur. Terr., vol. 6, No. 1, p. 80, Permian. 

 DIPLOCAULUS, Cope, 1877, Pal. Bull. No. 26, 

 and Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 17, p. 

 187. [Ety. diploos, double ; kauloa, stem.] 

 Vertebral centra contracted medially, 

 perforated by the foramen chordae dor- 

 salis, co-ossified with the neural arch 

 and supporting transverse processes ; 

 zygosphen articulation ; two rib articu- 

 lations, one below the other; axis and 

 atlas united by a long zygosphen which 

 is not roofed by the zygantrum; no 

 neural spine, atlas insegmented ; arch 

 extended into the foramen magnum; 

 squamosal region developed into a 

 horn. Skull sculptured. Type D. sala- 

 mandroides. 



magnicornis, Cope, 1882, Pal. Bull. No. 

 35, and Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., p. 453, 

 Permian. 



salamandroides, Cope, 1877, Pal. Bull. 

 No. 26, and Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 

 17, p. 187, Permian. 



ECTOCYNODON, Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. No. 

 29, and Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., p. 508. 

 [Ety. ektos, eternal; kuon, dog; odous, 

 tooth.] Cranium short, wide, large 

 post frontal bones, large orbit ; bones 

 sculptured but no lyra ; teeth rhizo- 

 dont, crowns elongated, compressed, 

 anterior and posterior cutting edges ; 

 one between the orbit and nostril 

 larger and longer than the others, and 

 lying outside of the closed dentary 

 bone; mandibular symphysis not su- 

 tural but ligamentous. Type E. or- 

 dinatus. 



aguti, Cope, 1882, Pal. Bull. No. 35, and 

 Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., p. 451, Permian. 



ordinatus, Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. No. 29, 

 and Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., p. 508, Per- 

 mian. 



EDAPHOSAURUS, Cope, 1882, Pal. Bull. No. 

 35, and Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., p. 448. 

 [Ety. edaphos, pavement; sauros, a liz- 

 ard.] Temporal fossae not overroofed; 

 cranial bones not sculptured ; mandib- 

 ular and maxillary teeth subequal; 

 mandibular ramus expanded inward and 

 supporting numerous teeth; pterygoid 

 or malar bones supporting a dense body 

 of teeth corresponding to those in the 

 lower jaw; teeth subconical. Neural 

 spines greatly elongate, hollow. Type 

 E. pogonias. 



microdus, Cope, 1884, Pal. Bull. No. 39, p. 

 37, Permian. 



pogonias, Cope, 1882, Pal. Bull. No. 35, and 



Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., p. 449, Permian. 



EMBOLOPHORUS, Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. No. 



29, and Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 17, p. 



618. [Ety. 'ballo, I throw ; em, into ; 



phoros, bearing.] Neural arch co-ossi- 

 fied, zygapophyses and diapophyses 

 well developed; centra not ochordal; 

 intercentra narrowed and transversely 

 extended ; ribs two-headed, the capitu- 

 lum is received into a fossa of the pos- 

 terior border of the intercentrum, in 

 advance of the vertebra which supports 

 the diapophysis, to which the tubercu- 

 lum is attached. Type E. fritillus. 



fritillus. Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. No. 29, 

 and Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 17, p. 518, 

 Permian. 



EMPEDIAS, Cope, 1883, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 

 vol. 20, p. 63. Proposed instead of 

 Empedocles of Cope in 1878, which was 

 preoccupied. Teeth with elongate 

 crowns, with flat grinding surface but 

 bracket-shaped in transverse vertical 

 section, arranged transversely to the 

 long axis of the jaws; no canines ; incisors 

 wearing chisel-shaped ; temporal fossa 

 covered; vertebrae with hyposphen 

 i on the posterior and hypantrum on the 

 anterior face and short quadrate neural 

 spines. Type E. alatus. 



alatus, Cope, 1878, (Empedocles alatus,) 

 Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 17, p. 516, 

 Permian. 



fissus, Cope, 1883, (Empedocles fissus,) 

 Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., p. 634, Permian. 



latibuccatus, Cope, 1878, (Diadectes lati- 

 buccatus,) Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 17, 

 p. 505, Permian. 



molaris, Cope, 1878, (Diadectes tnolaris,) 

 Am. Nat., vol. 12, p. 565, and Pal. Bull. 

 No. 32, p. 10, Permian. 



phaseolinus, Cope, 1880, (Diadectes pha- 

 seplinus,) Pal. Bull. No. 32, p. 9, Per- 

 mian. 



Empedocles, Cope, 1878, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 

 vol. 17, p. 516. The name was preoc- 

 cupied, see Empedias. 



alatus, see Empedias alatus. 



fissus, see Empedias fissus. 

 EOSAURUS, Marsh, 1862, Can. Nat. and Geo., 

 vol. 7, and 

 Acadian Geol., 

 p. 382. [Ety. 

 eos, the dawn ; 

 sauros, a sea- 

 fish.] Founded 

 upon vertebrae, 

 with biconcave 

 centra and free 

 neural arch, 

 and closed not 

 ochordal fora- 

 men. Type E. 

 acadianus. 



acadian us, Marsh , 



186 f Can- Na *- FIG. 1184.-Eosaurus acadi- 

 and Geol., vol. anus. % Diam. a, Trans- 

 7, and Acad. verse section. 

 Geol., p. 382, Coal Meas. 

 Epicordylus, Cope, 1878, Pal. Bull. No. 29, 

 and Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., vol. 17, p. 515. 

 [Ety. epi, upon; kordylos, a water-lizard.] 

 Syn. for Eryops. 



