24 NOTES ON LILIES 



Canadense Lilies. Its root is ovoid, not rhizomatous ; nor does it ascend 

 as high as Devil's Gate. What Roezl found there was one of the 

 Canadense* varieties, and not L. Humboldtii. 



Bulbs, Rhizomatous, with short fleshy scales. 



3. L. Canadense (Linn.) (a), var. L. Parviflorum (Hook.); (b), 

 var. L. Pardalinum (Kellogg), var. L. Puberulum (Torr.) ; (c), var. 

 L. Californicum (Hort.), var. L. Walkeri (Wood), var. L. Hartwegii 

 (Baker). The above enumerated varieties of this species demonstrate 

 the influence of the soil, location, and climate, more forcibly than 

 any other species of our Lilies, because it is more generally distri- 

 buted, and has a wider range throughout the entire state. It is 

 therefore not to be wondered at, that so many excellent botanists 

 describe different forms of this variable species under so many 

 different names. 



(a). The form of L. Canadense var. Parviflorum (Hook.), occurring 

 largely in boggy soil, west of the great Redwood belt, and on the 

 immediate coast, presents, even there, differences in size and form, well 

 calculated to lead astray. There, wherever exposed to the daily con- 

 tinuous westerly winds, it attains hardly 2 feet in height, bearing often 

 but a single small flower, of a deep red colour, with the sepals but 

 slightly recurved towards the tip, but, wherever sheltered, either by trees 

 or shrubbery, it attains a height of from 3 to 5 feet, bearing numerous 

 flowers of a less reddish tint, and arranging its leaves, at least a part of 

 them, in whorls, while those of the exposed plant are all scattered, and 

 few in number. This form extends along the immediate coast from 

 Vancouver's Island to Oregon and California. This long linear extension 

 and range is common to many plants of the immediate western coast. 



(b). Proceeding, however, eastward along a stream into the interior, 

 to a point where the coast climate changes gradually into that of the 

 inland coast valleys, and where an abundance of sunshine and shelter is 

 added to that of moisture, we find the beautiful and charming form 

 described by Dr. Kellogg under the name of L. Pardalinum. Here in 

 deep recesses, on the banks of streams, in such favourable localities the 

 plant attains a height of from 6 to 9 feet, here its rhizomatous bulb 

 ramifies and multiplies rapidly, forming clusters several feet in diameter ; 

 stems shoot up side by side from every terminating point of the ramifying 

 and radiating bulb, giving the plant a gregarious appearance. Perhaps, 

 nowhere, in this state, is this gregarious character so well and plainly 

 exhibited, as in the Bear Valley on the Sierras, at an altitude of 4,000 

 feet, where acres of a wet meadow are densely covered by this magnificent 

 variety. The whorls are here usually broken up, and the large leaves are 

 indefinitely scattered all over the huge stems, which are variously 

 branched, bearing numerous flowers, with strongly curved perianths of a 

 bright yellowish red colour, copiously spotted with purple spots on the 

 face. But if we proceed from the inland coast valleys farther eastward, 



* Probably L. Pubcrulum, as we received from him a number of fine bulbs of this 

 kind along with those of Humboldtii and Washingtonianum. 



