AND THEIR CULTURE. 



153 



The Canadian Whorl-leaved Lily 

 (L. Philadelphicum}. 



nearly club-shaped; stem, 1 to 3 feet high, green, slender, terete, 

 smooth ; leaves, twenty to thirty in number, lance-shaped, or ^linear, 

 patent, slender, smooth, finely-nerved, sessile, the lower ones 3 or 5 

 inches long, 3 to 6 lines broad in the 

 middle, arranged in whorls of four to six, 

 or six to eight leaves, or few or many 

 scattered ; flower, solitary, terminal, erect, 

 or a few in an umbel ; pedicels, 2 or 3 

 inches long, ascending, with a whorl of 

 large leafy bracts at the base ; perianth, 

 2 or 3 inches long, of a brilliant yellowish 

 red colour ; segments, oblong-lance- 

 shaped, 6 to 10 lines broad in the middle, 

 with a distinct claw 6 to 8 lines long at 

 the base, marked with large scattered 

 purple dots on the lower half of the inner 

 surface ; groove, smooth, deep, margined 

 on the edges by the revolute claws ; sta- 

 mens, shorter than the perianth by one- 

 third; anthers, 5 or 6 lines long; pollen, red; ovary, 9 or 10 lines 

 long, about half the length of the style ; capsule, narrowly-obovoid, 

 obtuse-angled. North America, from Canada to Carolina. Yar. 

 Andinum, Nuttall, Gen., i., 221. Umbellatum, Pursh, Flora., i., 229. 



Yar.* Wdnsharaicum, Hort. Leichl. ; Duchartre, Obs., 88. Leaves, 

 linear, all scattered. Rocky Mountains, Douglas, Bourgeau, &c. 



L. Philadelphicum is common in open copses through Canada and 

 the Northern United States, stretching westward to the Rocky 

 Mountains, and southward along the Alleghanies to North Carolina, 

 and of couse quite hardy in English gardens. It was sent by 

 Bartram, in 1754, to Philip Miller, who figured it at t. 165 of his 

 " Illustrations." The Umbellatum of Pursh, and Andinum of Nuttall, 

 are simply luxuriant conditions of this plant, figured in the 

 "Botanical Register." It stretches north-westward to the Red 

 River and Sashatchewan territory, and occurs sparingly on the west 

 side of the Rocky Mountains ; but all the western specimens I have 

 seen, though even when single-flowered retaining the whorl of bracts, 

 liave all the leaves indiscriminately scattered along the stem, as in 

 Bulbiferum, and the leaves also are narrower (linear not oblanceolate) 

 and firmer in texture than in the whorled typical Canadian and New 

 England form. Geographically, Philadelphicum quite represents 

 Sulbiferum in the New World, and when the whorls of the leaves are 

 thus broken up, they come very near to one another, though distinct 

 enough in the extreme states. But Philadelphicum has always a more 



* This well-marked variety has a more richly coloured and larger flower 

 ordinary type. Both kinds are early flowering, pretty, bright coloured, dw 

 .and do best in dry warm soils. 



than the 

 dwarf Lilies, 



