MEMOIR OF BAY. 57 



who pointed out the inaccuracy of the division of 

 plants into trees, shrubs, under-shrubs, and herba- 

 ceous, a distinction which had been almost universal- 

 ly adopted, and which was warmly defended by Ray, 

 who unaccountably made it the groundwork of his 

 arrangement, although he had declared it to be un- 

 philosophical. Although this controversy was car- 

 ried on with less personal recrimination than usually 

 characterizes such discussions, it was by no means 

 agreeable to Ray, whose Christian principles, no less 

 than the amenity of his disposition, rendered him 

 desirous to live in peace with all men. The prin- 

 cipal benefit that resulted from this altercation, was 

 the improvement which it led him to make in his me- 

 thod of arrangement. These improvements were 

 embodied in the Methodus Plantarum nova emen- 

 data et aucta, and are exhibited in the second ta- 

 bular view which we have given on a former page. 

 Owing to some difficulty in effecting an arrange- 

 ment with the London booksellers for the publica- 

 tion of this work, it was printed at Amsterdam, 

 under the care of Dr Hotton, professor of botany 

 at Leyden ; and its wide diffusion on the Continent 

 made Ray's name as a botanist of European cele- 

 brity. It was published in 1703, arid is the last of 

 his botanical labours. 



While engaged in its composition, the infirmities 

 of age were rapidly accumulating. He writes to Dr 

 Robertson that he was quite unable to go to Lon- 

 don to examine the different collections of plants, 



