56 GARDENING FOR BEGINNERS 



free-flowering ; Mile. Terese Franco, large, delicate pink; 

 Mrs. Moore, very good, pure white ; Miss Megan Owen, 

 fringed petals, white, rose centre ; Miss Joliffe, a good old 

 variety, delicate pink ; President Carnot, the darkest crimson ; 

 Primrose Day, large, deep yellow ; Princess Alice of Monaco, 

 large, whitish, deep rose centre ; Regalia, deep rose pink, 

 large ; Sylvanus, flowers good form, full purple ; Uriah Pike, 

 very handsome, good crimson ; William Robinson, the best 

 scarlet ; Winter Cheer, bright scarlet. 



To these may be added Duchess Consuelo, a good yellow, 

 and also Cecilia. The last-named produces flowers as large 

 as the Malmaison, and of excellent quality, but neither of 

 them are true perpetual; they may be classed in the same 

 category with Uriah Pink and Primrose Day. All of them 

 flower well if forced in the spring months, whereas all the 

 others I have named are valuable as rilling up the time between 

 the passing away of the border Carnations in the early autumn 

 and the advent of the Malmaisons in spring. 



Diseases and Insect Pests. The most troublesome and 

 persistent is the " Rust " (Helminthosporium echinulatum), a 

 fungoid growth which develops between the membranes of 

 the leaves ; it ultimately bursts and scatters its coffee-coloured 

 spores. There is no cure except to cut off the affected leaves 

 as soon as the disease is noticed. The next disease is " Spot " 

 ( Uredo dianthi) ; it is not so deadly, nor is it really infectious. 

 The plants should be placed in a light and airy position, and 

 in as dry an atmosphere as possible ; the parts attacked 

 should be cut off. I find it useless to dip or dust the plants. 

 Another very troublesome pest is the " Eel worm" (Tyleuchus). 

 This is a minute nematoid worm, which produces the disease 

 known as "gout." The worms attack the collar of the plant, 

 causing it to swell ; they seem to eat their way up the stem, 

 and ultimately kill the plant. When they have made a lodg- 

 ment in the plants there is no cure ; best destroy the plants 

 and remove the soil. 



The Carnation maggot (Hylemyia nigrescent) is very trouble- 

 some, and sometimes does much damage to the plants. It 

 does more mischief to those planted in the open garden than 

 to those in pots. It is the larvae of a small dipterous 

 black-fly, which greatly resembles in appearance the house- 

 fly; it is generally found in the centre of the plants, and it 

 eats its way down until the heart is totally destroyed. It 

 is easy to see where the depredator is at work, and it can be 

 dug out with a needle. Wireworm is the larvae of a small 

 beetle (Agriotes lineatus probably). In the larval period they 

 remain in the ground from three to five years. A full-grown 



