CULTIVATION OF FRUIT 



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have grown from these the following summer, in winter each one is 

 also pruned back in the same manner. Thus, at the end of the third 

 season there would be nine branches in all. In the winter, after their 

 season of growth, the various branches should be brought down and 

 secured several inches above the branch immediately beneath. Thus 

 it will be seen that the tree in time assumes somewhat the shape 

 of a fan ; hence the name of this particular method of training. The 

 branches as they extend will, of course, leave a larger space between 

 them, necessitating the production of more of the former to properly 

 cover the wall. These may be easily produced by shortening back one 

 or more branches to buds situated where it is desired that new branches 

 shall originate. 



Cordons. Cordon Pear trees are strongly recommended for a small 



PEAR. FAN-SHAPED, SECOND YEAR 



grower. They cover a wall very quickly, usually bear a good crop of 

 fruit, and are easily managed. Cordons are known as single, double, 

 treble, &c., according to the number of stems ; they may either be trained 

 in an upright or slanting direction. If the wall to be covered is a low 

 one, the latter method is to be recommended, for then the Pear tree 

 would be able to grow to a greater length than if trained perpendicularly. 

 When it becomes necessary to restrict them considerably by severe 

 pruning, canker is liable to set in, and some of the branches probably 

 die away. Double or treble-stemmed Cordons are preferable for a low 

 wall, as the trees are able then to extend farther and grow more 

 freely. The various stems should be not less than twelve inches apart ; 

 in planting Cordons with several stems this, therefore, must be taken 

 into consideration. As the stems extend, natural fruit spurs will doubt- 

 less form. Lateral shoots must be stopped exactly as advised before, 



