326 GARDENING FOR BEGINNERS 



good watering will prove helpful. As above mentioned, after the 

 fruits are gathered, cut away the old canes so that the younger wood 

 may not be interfered with. In the autumn shorten back the 

 strongest canes of those that are to bear next year's crop of fruit to 

 about five feet, less vigorous ones to, say, four feet, and the remainder 

 to about three feet. Such a method prevents overcrowding. 



Propagation. The most convenient method of increasing the 

 Raspberry is by means of suckers, which, as already mentioned, are 

 produced from the roots. The strongest of these should be carefully 

 detached, and planted in good soil in the autumn, and eventually 

 trained either to stakes or wires. When planting cut down the shoot 

 to within ten or twelve inches of the soil. This will bring about the 

 production of stronger canes the following year than would be the case 

 if the primary shoot were left unpruned. Offsets from the root-stock 

 may also be used for propagating These must be carefully removed 

 from the established plants so as to disturb them as little as possible. 

 Root suckers are often produced at some distance away from the 

 parent plant, and so can be detached without fear of injuring the 

 latter. 



Autumn-Fruiting Raspberries. Raspberry bushes may also be had 

 in fruit in the autumn. The plants, however, require different treat- 

 ment to the summer-fruiting kinds. The fruit is borne upon the 

 current year's growth and not upon canes made during the previous 

 year. The proper way is to cut down the canes in the month of 

 February to within a few inches of the ground, and shoots will then 

 push from them vigorously. These must have a liberal amount of 

 sun and air so as to become well developed before the end of summer. 

 The canes should therefore not be quite so close together as the 

 summer-fruiting ones. Water liberally if the weather is dry, and 

 also give manure water to assist fruit development. The following 

 varieties are suitable for autumn fruiting : Belle de Fontenay, large, 

 red ; Noire d'Antomne, large, very dark ; October Red, bright red ; 

 October Yellow, medium sized, yellow. 



Summer-Fruiting Raspberries. Superlative, large, red, produc- 

 ing heavy crops of fruit ; Hornet, a fine large red variety ; Baum- 

 forth's Seedling, an excellent variety, red. 



FRUIT TREES AS GARDEN ORNAMENTS 



The best use of many fruit-bearing trees is not restricted to 

 the kitchen garden only, for many of them are beautiful things 

 in the most dressed ground. Few small trees are more graceful 

 in growth than the old English Quince that bears the smooth 

 roundish fruits. It is not only a pleasant object in leaf and 

 flower in early summer and in autumn glory of golden fruit, 

 but even when bare of leaves in winter, a fully matured tree is 

 strikingly beautiful ; and in boggy ground, where no other fruit 



