90 



THE PRINCIPLES OF SOIL MANAGEMENT 



mass is formed (Fig. 26, No. 4), the structure is termed 

 puddled. The term puddled, in this connection, is re- 

 lated to the fact that such an arrangement can be 



Fig. 27. An example of undesirable structure. A clay soil which had been 



puddled by tramping when wet. "Bad tilth." Compare with Fig. 28, showing 



'ideal tilth." Note also a type of auger used in examining soils. A common 



one and one-half inch wood auger welded to a one-half-inch shank, giving a 



total length of about three feet. 



obtained only in fine-textured soils when they are mixed 

 (puddled) in a very wet condition, so that the fine 

 particles will move into the large spaces. 



