30 PROTECTION OF WOODLANDS. 



19. Remedial Measures after the Occurrence of Damage. 



When damage from snow-accumulations has taken place on a 

 large scale in any forest, the duty of the forester lies partly in the 

 expeditious utilisation and advantageous disposal of the timber 

 thrown, and partly in the judicious treatment of the damaged 

 crops, in order that the permanent effect on their future well-being 

 may be reduced to a minimum. 



In respect to the former, some consideration must be given to 

 the opening out of roads and rides, so that the forest is well 

 opened out for the extraction of the damaged timber, and to the 

 immediate removal of broken trees and ends in such crops as are 

 being reproduced naturally, as without this the young crop is very 

 apt to suffer damage. In order to obviate danger from insects, 

 and deterioration in the quality of the broken timber, it should be 

 prepared for sale with the utmost despatch, as much as possible 

 being ranged in the class of timber for technical purposes, both 

 with a view to the realisation of better prices, and because it 

 takes less time to prepare for sale than fuel which has to be cut 

 in lengths and stacked in fathoms. Where the damage is con- 

 siderable, and the quantity of wood to be prepared for sale is very 

 large, the commencement of utilisation is made with the timber 

 that has been completely thrown, and the stems and poles that 

 have been entirely broken ; whilst such other stems as have a few 

 green branches left, and can still continue for a short time in 

 active vegetation, need not be attended to until the more pressii 

 work is ended. The best means of preserving and seasonii 

 coniferous stems, for which there is often no good immedij 

 market, consists in stripping off' all the bark, which at the 

 time, also protects them from attacks of bark-beetles (Scolytidce] 

 removing them to broad roadways or other airy places, in splittii 

 up large fuel-pieces, so that they may get rid of their moistui 

 sooner, and in placing suitable rests below timber and fuel-st 

 to keep them free from contact with the soil. 



With regard to the treatment of damaged crops, those of bi 

 leaved species (Beech) which are just emerging from the thicket in! 

 the pole-forest stage of growth, can sometimes be aided by raisii 

 again and supporting by props and poles the patches that have 

 bent down, or by tying up the dominating poles and connectii 

 them with a neighbouring older crop. But otherwise, when th< 



